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Qila Mubarak, is a historical monument in the heart of the city of Bathinda in Punjab, India. It is recognized as monument of national importance and maintained by Archaeological Survey of India.[1] It has been in existence from 1100 to 1200 AD in its current place and is the oldest surviving fort in India. It was here that Razia Sultan, the first woman to take charge of the Delhi throne was incarcerated upon her defeat and dethroned.[2] The bricks of the fort date back to the Kushana period when emperor Kanishka ruled over Northern India/Bactria. Raja Dab, along with emperor Kanishka, is believed to have built the fort.[3] Qila Mubarak in latter part of the 10th Century was under the rule of Jayapala, a ruler of the Hindu Shahi dynasty.[4]
^"Alphabetical List of Monuments – Punjab". Archaeological Survey of India - Chandigarh circle. Retrieved 25 June 2018.
^"Queen Razia Sultana's story crumbles in Bathinda fort". The Times of India. 29 May 2017. Retrieved 25 June 2018.
^Bathinda fort heading towards collapse, cries for renovation (4 November 2014). "Bathinda fort heading towards collapse, cries for renovation". Hindustan Times. Retrieved 25 June 2018.
^Smith, Vincent Arthur; Edwardes, Stephen Meredyth (1919). The Oxford history of India, from the earliest times to the end of 1911. Robarts - University of Toronto. Oxford, Clarendon Press. p. 190.
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