The Purcell effect is the enhancement of a quantum system's spontaneous emission rate by its environment. In the 1940s Edward Mills Purcell discovered the enhancement of spontaneous emission rates of atoms when they are incorporated into a resonant cavity.[1][2] In terms of quantum electrodynamics the Purcell effect is a consequence of enhancement (or decreasing) of local density of photonic states at the emitter position. It can also be considered as an interference effect. The oscillator radiates the wave which is reflected from the environment. In turn the reflection excites the oscillator either out of phase resulting in higher damping rate accompanied with the radiation enhancement or in phase with the oscillator mode leading to the radiation suppression.[3]
For an emitter tuned to the fundamental mode of a cavity and placed at its center the magnitude of the enhancement is given by the Purcell factor[4]
where is the vacuum wavelength, is the refractive index of the cavity material (so is the wavelength inside the cavity), and and are the cavity quality factor and mode volume, respectively.
^Purcell, E. M. (1946-06-01). "Proceedings of the American Physical Society: Spontaneous Emission Probabilities at Ratio Frequencies" (PDF). Physical Review. 69 (11–12). American Physical Society (APS): 681. Bibcode:1946PhRv...69Q.674.. doi:10.1103/physrev.69.674. ISSN 0031-899X.
^Purcell, E. M. (1946-06-01). Spontaneous Emission Probabilities at Radio Frequencies. Spring Meeting of the APS, 1946. Physical Review. Vol. 69, no. 11–12. American Physical Society (APS). p. 681. ISSN 0031-899X.
^Rybin, M.V.; et al. (2016). "Purcell effect and Lamb shift as interference phenomena". Scientific Reports. 6: 20599. doi:10.1038/srep20599. PMC 4748299.
^"Purcell Factor - Qwiki". Archived from the original on 2011-07-17. Retrieved 2010-09-21.
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