The Pteromalidae are a large family of wasps, the majority being parasitoids of other insects. They are found throughout the world in virtually all habitats, and many are important as biological control agents. The oldest known fossil is known from the Early Cretaceous.[1]
Prior to 2022, the subfamily-level divisions of the family were highly contentious and unstable, and the family was thought to be "artificial", composed of numerous, distantly related groups (polyphyletic). In essence, a "pteromalid" was any member of the Chalcidoidea that had five-segmented tarsi and did not have the defining features of any of the remaining families with five-segmented tarsi.
In 2022, the Pteromalidae was split into 24 families.[2]
^Barling, Nathan; Heads, Sam W.; Martill, David M. (October 2013). "A new parasitoid wasp (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) from the Lower Cretaceous Crato Formation of Brazil: The first Mesozoic Pteromalidae". Cretaceous Research. 45: 258–264. Bibcode:2013CrRes..45..258B. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2013.05.001. ISSN 0195-6671.
^Roger A. Burks; Mircea-Dan Mitroiu; Lucian Fusu; et al. (20 December 2022). "From hell's heart I stab at thee! A determined approach towards a monophyletic Pteromalidae and reclassification of Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera)". Journal of Hymenoptera Research. 94: 13–88. doi:10.3897/JHR.94.94263. ISSN 1070-9428. Wikidata Q115923766.
The Pteromalidae are a large family of wasps, the majority being parasitoids of other insects. They are found throughout the world in virtually all habitats...
(formerly part of Pteromalidae) Calesidae Mercet, 1929 (formerly part of Pteromalidae) Ceidae Boucek, 1961 (formerly part of Pteromalidae) Cerocephalidae...
remove a number of constituent groups to other families, particularly the Pteromalidae and Torymidae. Thus, the number of genera in the family is in flux. The...
Cleonymidae is a parasitic wasp family formerly treated as a subfamily within Pteromalidae. Agrilocida Callocleonymus Cleonymus Dasycleonymus Notanisus Zolotarewskya...
chalcidoid wasps, formerly treated as the subfamily Leptofoeninae within Pteromalidae. They, like many small chalcidoids, are brilliantly metallic. The subfamily...
previously classified as subfamily Cerocephalinae, in the polyphyletic family Pteromalidae. Most species are parasitoids of small wood-boring beetles. Acerocephala...
were previously placed in the Cleonyminae subfamily of a paraphyletic Pteromalidae. Many species have metallic green, blue and bronze colours, and stout...
previously classified as subfamily Ceinae, in the polyphyletic family Pteromalidae. These wasps are parasitoids of other small insects. Hosts are known...
galls in figs, or on leaves or twigs. Once considered a subfamily of Pteromalidae (Epichrysomallinae), this group of genera has been elevated to family...
subfamilies (Spalangiinae and Erotolepsiinae) were moved from the family Pteromalidae to create this family in 2022. They are now known to be more closely...
A list of the species of Hymenoptera from New Zealand; which includes ants, bees, parasitoids, sawflies, and social wasps. Pleistodontes froggatti Mayr...
classified as part of the subfamily Cleonyminae, in the polyphyletic family Pteromalidae. Most species are parasitoids of wood-boring beetles. Astrid Cruaud and...
Strategy of the Gregarious Parasitoid, Pteromalus puparum (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). 3. Superparasitism in a Field Population". Oecologia. 71 (3): 321–324...
wasps. This group was formerly treated as Diparinae, a subfamily of Pteromalidae. Most diparids are collected from leaf litter in forests, where they...
hell's heart I stab at thee! A determined approach towards a monophyletic Pteromalidae and reclassification of Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera)". Journal of Hymenoptera...
chalcidoid wasps. It was formerly treated as a subfamily within the family Pteromalidae but is now recognized as a distinct family. The subfamilies and genera...
A hyperparasitoid wasp (Pteromalidae) on the cocoons of its host, a braconid wasp (subfamily Microgastrinae), itself a koinobiont parasitoid of Lepidoptera...
from different families, which include those of the Eurytomidae and Pteromalidae families.[citation needed] In some parts of its introduced range, it...
phylogenetic placement of two new species of Spalangiopelta (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae: Ceinae) from Eocene Baltic amber". PeerJ. 9: e10939. doi:10.7717/peerj...
description of an enchanting new species of Doddifoenus Bouček (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae: Leptofoeninae) from India". Biologia. 77 (9): 2581–2592. doi:10...
Ablaxia is a genus of wasps in the family Pteromalidae. "Species in genus Ablaxia". Universal Chalcidoidea Database. Natural History Museum. 2002. Retrieved...
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