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Prussian Lithuanians Lietuvininkai Kleinlitauener
Languages
Low German (Low Prussian dialect) and Lithuanian
Religion
Lutheranism (majority), Romuva
Related ethnic groups
Old Prussians, Kursenieki, Lithuanians, Latvians, Baltic Germans
The Prussian Lithuanians, or Lietuvininkai[1] (singular: Lietuvininkas, plural: Lietuvininkai), are Lithuanians,[2] originally Lithuanian language speakers, who formerly inhabited a territory in northeastern East Prussia called Prussian Lithuania, or Lithuania Minor (Lithuanian: Prūsų Lietuva, Mažoji Lietuva, German: Preußisch-Litauen, Kleinlitauen), instead of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and, later, the Republic of Lithuania (Lithuania Major, or Lithuania proper). Prussian Lithuanians contributed greatly to the development of written Lithuanian, which for a long time was considerably more widespread and in more literary use in Lithuania Minor than in Lithuania proper.[3]
Unlike most Lithuanians, who remained Roman Catholic after the Protestant Reformation, most Lietuvininkai became Lutheran-Protestants (Evangelical-Lutheran).
There were 121,345 speakers of Lithuanian in the Prussian census of 1890. Almost all Prussian Lithuanians were murdered or expelled after World War II, when East Prussia was divided between Poland and the Soviet Union. The northern part became the Kaliningrad Oblast, while the southern part was attached to Poland. Only the small Klaipėda Region (German: Memelland) was attached to Lithuania.
^Nijolė Strakauskaitė (March 30, 2007). "Naujame albume – "Šiaurės Atlantidos" reginiai" (in Lithuanian). Retrieved 2007-11-12.
^Pėteraitis, Vilius; Vaclovas Bagdonavičius; Albertas Juška; et al. (2003). Mažosios Lietuvos Enciklopedija. Vilnius: Mokslo ir enciklopedijų leidybos institutas. p. 577. ISBN 5-420-01525-0.
^Alfredas Bumblauskas; et al. (2013). The History of Lithuania. Eugrimas. pp. 15–16. ISBN 978-609-437-204-9. Retrieved 25 September 2013.
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