A protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) is a 2–6-base pair DNA sequence immediately following the DNA sequence targeted by the Cas9 nuclease in the CRISPR bacterial adaptive immune system.[1] The PAM is a component of the invading virus or plasmid, but is not found in the bacterial host genome and hence is not a component of the bacterial CRISPR locus. Cas9 will not successfully bind to or cleave the target DNA sequence if it is not followed by the PAM sequence.[2][3][4][5] PAM is an essential targeting component which distinguishes bacterial self from non-self DNA, thereby preventing the CRISPR locus from being targeted and destroyed by the CRISPR-associated nuclease.[6]
^Shah SA, Erdmann S, Mojica FJ, Garrett RA (2013). "Protospacer recognition motifs: mixed identities and functional diversity". RNA Biology. 10 (5): 891–899. doi:10.4161/rna.23764. PMC 3737346. PMID 23403393.
^Mojica FJ, Díez-Villaseñor C, García-Martínez J, Almendros C (2009). "Short motif sequences determine the targets of the prokaryotic CRISPR defence system". Microbiology. 155 (Pt 3): 733–740. doi:10.1099/mic.0.023960-0. PMID 19246744.
^Shah SA, Erdmann S, Mojica FJ, Garrett RA (2013). "Protospacer recognition motifs: mixed identities and functional diversity". RNA Biology. 10 (5): 891–899. doi:10.4161/rna.23764. PMC 3737346. PMID 23403393. Archived from the original on 2014-09-04.
^Jinek M, Chylinski K, Fonfara I, Hauer M, Doudna JA, Charpentier E (2012). "A programmable dual-RNA-guided DNA endonuclease in adaptive bacterial immunity". Science. 337 (6096): 816–821. Bibcode:2012Sci...337..816J. doi:10.1126/science.1225829. PMC 6286148. PMID 22745249.
^Sternberg SH, Redding S, Jinek M, Greene EC, Doudna JA (2014). "DNA interrogation by the CRISPR RNA-guided endonuclease Cas9". Nature. 507 (7490): 62–67. Bibcode:2014Natur.507...62S. doi:10.1038/nature13011. PMC 4106473. PMID 24476820.
^Mali P, Esvelt KM, Church GM (2013). "Cas9 as a versatile tool for engineering biology". Nature Methods. 10 (10): 957–963. doi:10.1038/nmeth.2649. PMC 4051438. PMID 24076990.
and 16 Related for: Protospacer adjacent motif information
A protospaceradjacentmotif (PAM) is a 2–6-base pair DNA sequence immediately following the DNA sequence targeted by the Cas9 nuclease in the CRISPR bacterial...
(termed protospacers) revealed that they were not randomly selected but instead were found adjacent to short (3–5 bp) DNA sequences termed protospacer adjacent...
from Cas9 by a its single RuvC endonuclease active site, its 5' protospaceradjacentmotif preference, and for creating sticky rather than blunt ends at...
nucleotides exists proximal to the protospacer, which is called the protospaceradjacentmotif (PAM). The PAM is a recognition motif that is used to acquire the...
two factors for its specificity: the target sequence and the protospaceradjacentmotif (PAM) sequence. The target sequence is 20 bases long as part of...
end of the gRNA. The desired target sequence must precede the ProtospacerAdjacentMotif (PAM), which is a short DNA sequence usually 2-6 base pairs in...
Pregnancy-associated malaria Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis Protospaceradjacentmotif, a genetic DNA recognition sequence PAM graphics format, used...
requires only one-step oligo recombineering. The requirement of a protospaceradjacentmotif (PAM) sequence limits the number of potential target sequences...
tracrRNA and needs a DNA binding sequence (5'NGG3'), which is called protospaceradjacentmotif (PAM). After binding, Cas9 introduces a DNA double strand break...
Compared to Cas9, CasΦ and Cas14 may also offer less restrictive protospaceradjacentmotif requirements, advantageous off-target activity, and allele-specific...
In contrast to Cas9, the NgAgo–gDNA system does not require a protospaceradjacentmotif (PAM). NgAgo was proposed to be useful for genome editing in May...
sulfurreducens Cas1-Cas2-Cas4 complex bound to double stranded protospaceradjacentmotif (PAM) spacer DNA. Cas1 homodimers (blue) bind to each side of...
system, Cas9 proteins are guided by the guide RNA (gRNA) and protospaceradjacentmotif (PAM) for DNA cleavage. Interestingly, Fanzor genes in the soil...
Mojica, Francisco J.M.; Garrett, Roger A. (12 February 2013). "Protospacer recognition motifs". RNA Biology. 10 (5). Informa UK Limited: 891–899. doi:10.4161/rna...
or RNA-sequencing. The target sequences are 23 bp long, including a protospacer and PAM sequence. The target sequences are placed in contiguous array...
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