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Persian king (centre) and courtiers (right) depicted in the conventional attitude of proskynesis at PersepolisDifferent degrees of proskynesis, from a slight bow of the head to full prostrationMoravians performing proskynesis during Christian worship in 1735
Proskynesis (/ˌprɒskɪˈniːsɪs/), also called proscynesis (/ˌprɒsɪˈniːsɪs/) or proskinesis (/ˌprɒskɪˈniːsɪs/; Greek: προσκύνησιςproskýnēsis; Latin: adoratio), was a solemn gesture of respect towards gods and people in many societies. Among the Persians, it referred to a man prostrating himself and kissing the land or the limbs of a respected person. It was also one of the religious rites among both Greeks and Romans.[1]
In Byzantine society, it was a common gesture of supplication or reverence. The physical act ranged from full-fledged prostration or alternatively genuflection, a bow, or a simple greeting that concretized the relative positions of performer and beneficiary within a hierarchical order (τάξιςtáxis).[2]
^Lübker 1860, p. 10.
^The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium : in 3 vol. / ed. by Dr. Alexander Kazhdan. — N. Y. ; Oxford : Oxford University Press, 1991. — 2232 p. — ISBN 0-19-504652-8. — Third volume, P. 1738
Proskynesis (/ˌprɒskɪˈniːsɪs/), also called proscynesis (/ˌprɒsɪˈniːsɪs/) or proskinesis (/ˌprɒskɪˈniːsɪs/; Greek: προσκύνησις proskýnēsis; Latin: adoratio)...
against the adoption of proskynesis. Callisthenes argued that Alexander was not entitled to receive divine honors, such as the proskynesis from his followers...
elements of Persian dress and customs at his court, notably the custom of proskynesis, either a symbolic kissing of the hand, or prostration on the ground...
genuflection already in use in Persia, a modification to the tradition of Proskynesis. In the Byzantine Empire even senators were required to genuflect to...
religious veneration of images centers on the distinction between timētikē proskynēsis, meaning the "veneration of honour", and "alēthinē latreia", meaning...
forgive sins but God alone?” Mark 2:7 Jesus also receives προσκύνησις (proskynesis) in the aftermath of the resurrection, a Greek term that either expresses...
bowing in the Eastern Orthodox Church originating from Jewish low bowing Proskynesis Dogeza, prostration in Japanese culture Kowtow, prostration in Chinese...
king, one was expected to prostrate oneself before him, also known as proskynesis. The king's guards were known as the pushtigban. On other occasions,...
more based on the systematized honors offered to the kings (sacrifice, proskynesis, statues, altars, hymns) which put them on par with the gods (isotheism)...
European practice Sujud, prostration to Allah General: Hand-kissing Proskynesis Prostration Salute Formerly, historians illustrated the abjectness of...
terms latria for the type of worship due to God alone, and dulia and proskynesis for the veneration given to angels, saints, relics and icons. Catholic...
proskynetarion (Greek προσκυνητάριον, plural proskynetaria; from προσκύνησις, proskynesis, lit. 'kiss towards something') is a term suggesting worship and reverence...
was now employing eunuchs and was tolerant of such Persian customs as proskynesis, which was considered degrading by many in the Macedonian army. Cleitus...
ritual object above which Yahweh was present. Veneration of icons through proskynesis was codified in 787 AD by the Seventh Ecumenical Council. This was triggered...
'" Wikiquote has quotations related to Adoration. Hand-kissing Kowtow Proskynesis Prostration Egri, Lajos. The Art of Dramatic Writing: Its Basis in the...
social elders or superiors, as in the Chinese kowtow or Ancient Greek proskynesis. The act has often traditionally been an important part of religious...
fortunate were allowed the privilege of kissing the hem of his robe (proskynesis, προσκύνησις). Circuses and basilicas were designed to keep the face...
west. Emperor Diocletian further reinforced it when he demanded the proskynesis and adopted the adjective sacrum for all things pertaining to the imperial...
Synod of Constantinople, and solemnly sanctioned a limited worship (proskynesis) of images." – Philip Schaff. «History of the christian church» / Volume...
came to the king, he/she had to prostrate before him, also known as proskynesis. The king was guarded by a group of royal guards, known as the pushtigban...
discredit in a single apologetic digression (the killing of Cleitus, the proskynesis affair, the pages' conspiracy and the death of Callisthenes). Book 5...
"windows" through which one could communicate with the figure depicted. Proskynesis before images is also attested in texts from the late seventh century...
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