You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Italian. (March 2014) Click [show] for important translation instructions.
Machine translation, like DeepL or Google Translate, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia.
Consider adding a topic to this template: there are already 3,026 articles in the main category, and specifying|topic= will aid in categorization.
Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing Italian Wikipedia article at [[:it:P2]]; see its history for attribution.
You may also add the template {{Translated|it|P2}} to the talk page.
1976 (officially by Grand Orient of Italy)
25 January 1982
Preceded by
Propaganda Massonica
Membership
~962
Ideology
Neo-fascism[1][2] Anti-communism
Political position
Far-right
Religion
Catholicism
National affiliation
Banda della Magliana
Cosa Nostra (alleged)
International affiliation
CIA (alleged)
Operation Gladio (alleged)
Politics of Italy
Political parties
Elections
Part of a series on
Freemasonry
Overview
Grand Lodge
Masonic lodge
Masonic lodge officers
Grand Master
Prince Hall Freemasonry
Regular Masonic jurisdiction
Anglo-American Freemasonry
Continental Freemasonry
History
History of Freemasonry
Liberté chérie
Masonic manuscripts
Masonic bodies
Masonic
Masonic bodies
York Rite
Order of Mark Master Masons
Holy Royal Arch
Royal Arch Masonry
Cryptic Masonry
Knights Templar
Red Cross of Constantine
Scottish Rite
Knight Kadosh
Societas Rosicruciana
Order of Royal and Select Masters
Grand College of Rites
Swedish Rite
Order of Saint Thomas of Acon
Royal Order of Scotland
Order of Knight Masons
Research Lodge
Corks
Side degrees
The Shrine
Royal Order of Jesters
Tall Cedars of Lebanon
The Grotto
Masonic groups for women
Women and Freemasonry
Order of the Amaranth
Order of the Eastern Star
Prince Hall Order of the Eastern Star
Co-Freemasonry
Masonic youth organizations
DeMolay
A.J.E.F.
Job's Daughters
International Order of the Rainbow for Girls
Views on Masonry
Anti-Masonry
Anti-Masonic Party
Grand Anti-Masonic Exhibition
Masonic conspiracy theories
Christian attitudes towards Freemasonry
Papal ban of Freemasonry
Taxil hoax
People and places
Masonic Temple
James Anderson
Prince Hall
William Preston
Thomas Smith Webb
Albert Mackey
Albert Pike
John the Evangelist
John the Baptist
William Schaw
Elizabeth Aldworth
List of Freemasons
Lodge Mother Kilwinning
Freemasons' Hall, London
Mark Masons' Hall, London
House of the Temple
Solomon's Temple
Detroit Masonic Temple
List of Masonic buildings
Related
Masonic ritual and symbolism
Great Architect of the Universe
Square and Compasses
Pigpen cipher
Eye of Providence
Hiram Abiff
Chamber of Reflection
List of Masonic Abbreviations
Sprig of Acacia
Masonic Landmarks
Pike's Morals and Dogma
Propaganda Due
Dermott's Ahiman Rezon
Volume of Sacred Law
By country
Barbados
Belgium
Canada
China
Croatia
Denmark
France
Finland
Germany
Iceland
India
Indonesia
Israel
Italy
Japan
Lebanon
Luxembourg
Malaysia
Malta
Mexico
North Macedonia
Portugal
Romania
Russia
Scotland
South Africa
Spain
Sri Lanka
Sweden
Philippines
Thailand
Turkey
Ukraine
Venezuela
United States
v
t
e
Part of a series on the
History of Italy
Early
Prehistoric Italy
Nuragic civilization (18th–3rd c. BC)
Etruscan civilization (12th–6th c. BC)
Magna Graecia (8th–3rd c. BC)
Ancient Rome
Kingdom (753 BC–509 BC)
Republic (509 BC–27 BC)
Roman expansion in Italy
Roman Italy
Populares and Optimates
Empire (27 BC–286 AD)
Western Empire (286 AD–476 AD)
Praetorian prefecture of Italy
Romano-Barbarian Kingdoms
Odoacer's
476–493
Ostrogothic
493–553
Vandal
435–534
Lombard (independence)
565–774
Lombard (under the Frankish rule)
774–885
Frankish (as part of the Carolingian Empire)
885–961
Germanic (as part of the Holy Roman Empire)
961–1801
Medieval
Italy in the Middle Ages
Byzantine reconquest of Italy (6th–8th c.)
Islam and Normans in southern Italy
Maritime republics and Italian city-states
Guelphs and Ghibellines
Early modern
Italian Renaissance (14th–16th c.)
Italian Wars (1494–1559)
Catholic revival (1545–1648)
Mid-16th c. to early 19th c.
Napoleonic Italy (1801–1814)
Republic
Kingdom
Risorgimento (1815–1871)
Young Italy
Modern
Monarchy (1861–1946)
Colonial Empire (1882–1960)
Italy in World War I (1914–1918)
Fascism (1922–1943)
Italy in World War II (1940–1945)
Fascist Italian Social Republic, Partisans and Italian Civil War (1943–1945)
Republic (1946–present)
Years of Lead (1970s–1980s)
Maxi Trial (1986–1992)
Mani pulite (1992–2001)
Great Recession (2007–2009)
European migrant crisis (2014–2016)
COVID-19 pandemic (2020–present)
By topic
Citizenship
Currency and coinage
Economy
Fashion
Flags
Genetic
Historic states
Judaism
LGBT
Military
Music
Name
Postage
Railway
Timeline
Italy portal
v
t
e
Propaganda Due (Italian pronunciation:[propaˈɡandaˈduːe]; P2) was a Masonic lodge, founded in 1877, within the tradition of Continental Freemasonry and under the authority of Grand Orient of Italy. Its Masonic charter was withdrawn in 1976, and it was transformed by Worshipful Master Licio Gelli into an international, illegal, clandestine, anti-communist, anti-Soviet, anti-Marxist, and radical right[3][4][5] criminal organization and secret society operating in contravention of Article 18 of the Constitution of Italy that banned all such secret associations.[6] Licio Gelli continued to operate the unaffiliated lodge from 1976 to 1984.[7]
P2 was implicated in numerous Italian crimes and mysteries, including the collapse of the Holy See-affiliated Banco Ambrosiano, the contract killings of journalist Carmine Pecorelli and mobbed-up bank president Roberto Calvi, and political corruption cases within the nationwide Tangentopoli bribery scandal. P2 came to light through the investigations into the collapse of Michele Sindona's financial empire.[8]
P2 was sometimes referred to as a "state within a state"[9] or a "shadow government".[10] The lodge had among its members prominent journalists, members of the Italian parliament, industrialists, and senior Italian military officers —including Silvio Berlusconi, who later became Prime Minister of Italy; the House of Savoy pretender to the Italian throne Prince Victor Emmanuel;[11] and the heads of all three Italian foreign intelligence services (at the time SISDE, SISMI, and CESIS). When searching Gelli's villa in 1982, police found a document which he had entitled "Plan for Democratic Rebirth", which called for a coup d'etat, the consolidation of the media, the suppression of Italian labor unions, and the rewriting of the Italian constitution.[12]
Outside of Italy, P2 had many active lodges in Venezuela, Uruguay, Brazil, Chile, and Argentina. Among its Argentine members were Raúl Alberto Lastiri, who was briefly interim president of the country after the end of the self-styled "Argentine Revolution" dictatorship (1966–1973); Emilio Massera, who was part of the military junta led by Jorge Rafael Videla during Argentina's last civil-military dictatorship (1976–1983); the Peronist orthodox José López Rega, who was Minister of Social Welfare (1973–1975) and founder of the paramilitary organisation Argentine Anticommunist Alliance (AAA); and former Argentine Army General, Dirty War perpetrator, and convicted murderer Guillermo Suárez Mason.[13]
^Finchelstein, Federico (May 14, 2024). The Wannabe Fascists: A Guide to Understanding the Greatest Threat to Democracy. Univ of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-39250-2.
^Duthel, Heinz (November 3, 2014). Global Secret and Intelligence Services I: Hidden Systems that deliver Unforgettable Customer Service. BoD – Books on Demand. ISBN 978-3-7386-0771-0.
^Herman, Edward (2002). Manufacturing consent the political economy of the mass media. New York: Pantheon Books. p. 152. ISBN 0307801624. ... the extreme right-wing organization Propaganda Due (P-2), ...
^Naylor, R. T. (2004). Hot money and the politics of debt. Montreal Que: McGill-Queen's University Press. p. 84. ISBN 0773572074. ... [Licio Gelli] organized a special, ultrasecret, ultrarightist lodge, Propaganda-Due
^Bar-On, Tamir (2007). Where have all the fascists gone. Aldershot, England; Burlington, Vermont: Ashgate. p. 39. ISBN 978-0754671541. ... a similar strategy of infiltration within the military milieu by Italian radical right-wing terrorist groups and clandestine elite pressure groups such as Propaganda-Due (P-2) ...
^"Constitution of Italy (English)". December 22, 1947. Retrieved July 5, 2022.
^
Gray, David L. (February 4, 2020). The Catholic Catechism on Freemasonry: A Theological and Historical Treatment on the Catholic Church's Prohibition AgainstFreemasonry and its Appendant Masonic Bodies. Belleville, Illinois: Saint Dominic's Media. Inc. p. 122. ISBN 9781732178496. Retrieved April 30, 2023. In 1976 the Grand Orient of Italy formally seized the charter of P2 and expelled its Worshipful Master, Licio Gelli (a Fascist), who continued to operate P2 as an unaffiliated lodge in Italy until 1984.
^"Masonic lodge affair leaves Italy shocked". The Times. May 23, 1981.
^BBC On This Day: 26 May 1981
^Jones, The Dark Heart of Italy, p. 187
^Hooper, John (June 23, 2006). "The fall of the house of Savoy". The Guardian. Retrieved June 2, 2016.
^Jones, The Dark Heart of Italy, p. 186
^Cite error: The named reference p12barco was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
Propaganda is communication that is primarily used to influence or persuade an audience to further an agenda, which may not be objective and may be selectively...
A propaganda film is a film that involves some form of propaganda. Propaganda films spread and promote certain ideas that are usually religious, political...
1981 as being the Venerable Master of the clandestine masonic lodge PropagandaDue (P2). Gelli was born in Pistoia, Tuscany. During the 1930s, Gelli, when...
Sicilian Mafia and the Vatican. Sindona was a member of the fascist PropagandaDue (#0501), a secret Masonic lodge of the Grand Orient of Italy. He was...
Black propaganda is a form of propaganda intended to create the impression that it was created by those it is supposed to discredit. Black propaganda contrasts...
Enlightenment and Propaganda (Reichsministerium für Volksaufklärung und Propaganda; RMVP), also known simply as the Ministry of Propaganda (Propagandaministerium)...
In the United States, propaganda is spread by both government and non-government entities. Throughout its history, to the present day, the United States...
In Italy, Freemasonry has become linked to a scandal concerning the PropagandaDue lodge (a.k.a. P2). This lodge was chartered by the Grande Oriente d'Italia...
elite. In the aftermath of the bombing, Licio Gelli, of Masonic lodge PropagandaDue, said a conspiracy of far rightists and foreigners had carried it out...
United States government, but actual events outside the US (such as the PropagandaDue scandal in Italy) are often used to lend credence to claims. Another...
country is controlled by a 'deep state.'" The most famous case is PropagandaDue. PropagandaDue (better known as P2) was a Masonic lodge belonging to the Grand...
Vatican Bank, the Sicilian Mafia, and the Continental Freemasonry lodge PropagandaDue. Roberto Calvi's father was the manager of the Banca Commerciale Italiana...
figures such as Licio Gelli, grand-master of the Freemasonic lodge PropagandaDue (P2). It has been alleged that, along with Gladio, the NATO clandestine...
of illegal activity in a lodge called PropagandaDue (P2). The lodge was originally formed in 1877 as Propaganda massonica. Its purpose was to ensure privacy...
both foreign and domestic, is "manufactured" in the public mind due to this propaganda. The theory posits that the way in which corporate media is structured...
World War I was the first war in which mass media and propaganda played a significant role in keeping the people at home informed on what occurred at the...
Propaganda is a form of communication that aims to shape people's beliefs and behaviors. It is typically not impartial. It is often biased, misleading...
The propaganda of the Russian Federation promotes views, perceptions or agendas of the government. The media include state-run outlets and online technologies...
Propaganda in China is used by the ruling Chinese Communist Party (CCP), and historically by the Kuomintang (KMT), to sway domestic and international opinion...
Cold War ideology. Space propaganda during the Space Race also appealed to a sense of strategic and military advantage. Due to the large amount of potential...
charges that were later dismissed. In 1981, police raided the office of PropagandaDue to apprehend the Worshipful Master Licio Gelli and uncover further evidence...
Capitalist propaganda is promotion of capitalism, often via mass media, education, or other institutions, primarily by the ruling private and political...
propaganda. During World War I, the term propaganda had taken on a negative connotation due to its use in Nazi Germany. In Bernay's book Propaganda,...
of 1976. In 1981, he was found to be a member of P2 (also known as PropagandaDue), a clandestine Masonic lodge involved in Italy's strategy of tension...
records are most often kept at the individual lodge level, and may be lost due to fire, flood, deterioration, or simple carelessness. Grand Lodge governance...
Propaganda Games was a Canadian video game development studio based in Vancouver, British Columbia, founded by Josh Holmes in 2005, and bought by Disney...
Propagation of the Faith (Latin: Sacra Congregatio de Propaganda Fide), or simply the Propaganda Fide. On 5 June 2022, it was merged with the Pontifical...