General Mills-US Air Force surveillance balloon program
Project GENETRIX Balloon during launch
Project Genetrix, also known as WS-119L, was a program run by the U.S. Air Force, Navy, and the Central Intelligence Agency during the 1950s under the guise of meteorological research.[1] It launched hundreds of surveillance balloons that flew over China, Eastern Europe, and the Soviet Union to collect intelligence on their nuclear capabilities. The Genetrix balloons were manufactured by the aeronautical division of General Mills.[2][3] They were about 20 stories tall, carried cameras and other electronic equipment, and reached altitudes ranging from 30,000 to over 60,000 feet, well above the reach of any contemporary fighter plane.[4][5] The overflights drew protests from target countries, while the United States defended its action.[5][6]
^Huntington, Tom (2023-02-03). "Spying with Balloons? It's Been Done Before". HistoryNet.
^"The "daddy" of the balloon industry « A Taste of General Mills". 2011-11-29. Archived from the original on 2011-11-29. Retrieved 2023-06-23.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
^Final Report: Project 85012, Report No. 1227, General Mills, Inc, Mechanical Division, Engineering Research & Development Department, September 4, 1953.
^Abel, Elie (1956-02-08). "Dulles hints U.S. will try to curb balloon flights". The New York Times. pp. 1, 11. The balloons operate between altitudes of 30,000 and 50,000 feet. International law is obscure on the question of who owns the upper air. I don't know how high a balloon has to go before you get out of bounds of sovereignty. Communist China ... charged tonight that the United States was sending military reconnaissance balloons over its territory.
^ abBurnett, Maurice G. (2012). Hexagon (KH-9) Mapping Camera Program and Evolution. United States of America: Center for the Study of National Reconnaissance. ISBN 978-1-937219-08-6. The program, code name GENETRIX, called for light-weight plastic balloons carrying optical cameras and electronic equipment to be floated across the U.S.S.R. ... capable of remaining above 60,000 feet ... The cover story ... stated that the project was part of a worldwide meteorological survey. 512 vehicles were launched.
^Schwarz, Jon (2023-02-07). "U.S. Sent "Weather" Balloons to Spy on China and the Soviet Union in the 1950s". The Intercept. Asked if the United States feels that they have the right to send these balloons at a certain height anywhere around the globe, Dulles answered, Yes, I think that we feel that way.
ProjectGenetrix, also known as WS-119L, was a program run by the U.S. Air Force, Navy, and the Central Intelligence Agency during the 1950s under the...
photographic surveillance of the Soviet Union during the 1950s, Project Moby Dick and ProjectGenetrix. The spy balloon overflights raised storms of protest from...
Look up genetrix in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Genetrix may refer to: Genetrix, novel by Francois Mauriac ProjectGenetrix the biotechnology company...
balloon projects from the era included Project Skyhook, Project Mogul, Project Grandson, and ProjectGenetrix. The previously conducted "Project Moby Dick"...
overflights. Eisenhower had suffered the Soviet protests and shoot-downs of ProjectGenetrix (Moby Dick) balloons and was concerned about the probability of a U-2...
high-altitude balloons, ostensibly for "meteorological survey" under ProjectGenetrix, over China and other Eastern Bloc countries to gain intelligence on...
reconnaissance equipment were launched by the United States government under ProjectGenetrix to surveil Eastern bloc countries, in particular their nuclear capabilities...
intelligence collection and transmission by the balloon. ProjectGenetrixProject Moby Dick Project Mogul 2023 Chinese balloon incident American observation...
detection and surveillance, such as Project Mogul (linked to the Roswell Incident), ProjectGenetrix and Project Moby Dick. They also worked on the E77...
reconnaissance missions continued as the U-2 tests were ongoing. In early 1956 ProjectGenetrix involved hundreds of high-altitude photographic reconnaissance balloons...
53 Daso 1997, p. 166. Parsch, Andreas. "Designations Of U.S. Air Force Projects". Retrieved 2020-01-18. Burroughs 1998, p. 80–87. sfn error: no target:...
Giebelstadt Army Airfield was one of the two West German launch sites for ProjectGenetrix surveillance balloons, which were targeted to obtain aerial photographs...
through the regimental air defense zone, launched from Turkey under ProjectGenetrix. The regiment received MiG-17P interceptors in early 1958, which immediately...
as they had to various aircraft incursions and the balloons of the Genetrixproject. The idea was that if a clearly "civilian" and "scientific" satellite...
Force United States aerial reconnaissance of the Soviet Union Project Moby Dick ProjectGenetrix Explanatory notes Aircraft is Boeing B-52G Stratofortress...
Explanatory notes The project or aspects of it operated under various code names: ProjectGenetrix, WS-119L, and Project Moby Dick. Project Drag Net apparently...
June 2023. The project or aspects of it operated under various code names: ProjectGenetrix, WS-119L, and Project Moby Dick. Project Drag Net apparently...
running hoofs. The project, or aspects of it, operated under various code names: ProjectGenetrix, WS-119L, and Project Moby Dick. Project Drag Net apparently...
Venus Genetrix with her son Caesarion. The commission of the painting most likely coincides with the erection of the Temple of Venus Genetrix in the...
The Temple of Venus Genetrix contained an important collection of statues, paintings and engravings. The cult statue of Venus Genetrix was sculpted by Arcesilaüs...
Caesar had placed, on the front of his forum, a temple devoted to Venus Genetrix, since Caesar's family (gens Julia) claimed to descend by Venus through...
variously suggested that the goddess is Italia, Tellus (Earth), Venus Genetrix or Pax (Peace), although other views also circulate. Due to the widespread...
Project for the Transformation of the Grande Galerie du Louvre is an oil-on-canvas painting by the French painter Hubert Robert, made in 1796. It is held...
CDNS". www.deepchip.com. Retrieved 2021-01-08. Robert Craig Johnson, "Genetrix, WS-461L, and Chaika: Cold War Balloons and Balloon Fighters" Archived...
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