negative regulation of execution phase of apoptosis
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway
regulation of insulin secretion
cellular response to glucagon stimulus
positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation
positive regulation of calcium ion import
positive regulation of histone H3-K4 methylation
positive regulation of peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation
feeding behavior
positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade
positive regulation of protein binding
cell population proliferation
signal transduction
positive regulation of protein kinase activity
adenylate cyclase-modulating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway
protein kinase A signaling
positive regulation of insulin secretion involved in cellular response to glucose stimulus
response to starvation
negative regulation of apoptotic process
regulation of signaling receptor activity
adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway
Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
Species
Human
Mouse
Entrez
2641
14526
Ensembl
ENSG00000115263
ENSMUSG00000000394
UniProt
P01275
P55095
RefSeq (mRNA)
NM_002054
NM_008100
RefSeq (protein)
NP_002045
NP_032126
Location (UCSC)
Chr 2: 162.14 – 162.15 Mb
Chr 2: 62.3 – 62.31 Mb
PubMed search
[3]
[4]
Wikidata
View/Edit Human
View/Edit Mouse
Proglucagon is a protein that is cleaved from preproglucagon. Preproglucagon in humans is encoded by the GCG gene.[5][6]
Proglucagon is a precursor of glucagon, and several other components. It is generated in the alpha cells of the pancreas and in the intestinal L cells in the distal ileum and colon. It is also cleaved into the following components in different organs:
Signal peptide (1-20) – removed from preproglucagon to form proglucagon
Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1, 92–128) – first seven residues further cleaved
Glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2, 146–178)
Proglucagon itself is a protein with three repeats of slightly different secretin family hormones to be cleaved to form mature hormones.[7]
^ abcGRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000115263 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ abcGRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000000394 – Ensembl, May 2017
^"Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^"Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^Schroeder WT, Lopez LC, Harper ME, Saunders GF (1984). "Localization of the human glucagon gene (GCG) to chromosome segment 2q36–37". Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics. 38 (1): 76–79. doi:10.1159/000132034. PMID 6546710.
^White JW, Saunders GF (June 1986). "Structure of the human glucagon gene". Nucleic Acids Research. 14 (12): 4719–4730. doi:10.1093/nar/14.12.4719. PMC 311486. PMID 3725587.
^Pollock HG, Hamilton JW, Rouse JB, Ebner KE, Rawitch AB (July 1988). "Isolation of peptide hormones from the pancreas of the bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana). Amino acid sequences of pancreatic polypeptide, oxyntomodulin, and two glucagon-like peptides". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 263 (20): 9746–9751. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(19)81581-8. PMID 3260236.
Proglucagon is a protein that is cleaved from preproglucagon. Preproglucagon in humans is encoded by the GCG gene. Proglucagon is a precursor of glucagon...
of insulin, which lowers extracellular glucose. It is produced from proglucagon, encoded by the GCG gene. The pancreas releases glucagon when the amount...
synthesis facility. She arrived at MGH shortly after Joel Habener had cloned proglucagon by studying anglerfish found in Boston Harbor. Mojsov worked on the identification...
similar polypeptides (such as GLP1 and GLP2) all come (via PTM) from proglucagon, which comes from preproglucagon, which is the polypeptide that the GCG...
proopiomelanocortin and they act together to process proinsulin and proglucagon in pancreatic islets. PC1/3 is an enzyme that performs the proteolytic...
immunoreactivity with glucagon. A half-century later, Brubaker and Drucker studied proglucagon gene expression, they discovered the function of enteroglucagon is related...
the proglucagon-derived peptides, including endogenous GLP-1, glucagon-like peptide-2, glucagon, oxyntomodulin, glicentin and major proglucagon fragment...
Mims, S. M.; Conlon, J. M. (1994). "Characterization of insulins and proglucagon-derived peptides from a phylogenetically ancient fish, the paddlefish:...
a codon for the amino acid alanine Gallocatechin gallate, a flavonol Proglucagon, a protein GCG (General Computer Group) was collection of programs for...
Keenan MJ, Xi X, Raggio AM, Martin RJ (April 2006). "Peptide YY and proglucagon mRNA expression patterns and regulation in the gut". Obesity. 14 (4)...
channel Kir6.2, and TCF7L2 (transcription factor 7–like 2) regulates proglucagon gene expression and thus the production of glucagon-like peptide-1. In...
Lacourse KA, Samuelson LC, Holst JJ (June 2001). "Attenuated processing of proglucagon and glucagon-like peptide-1 in carboxypeptidase E-deficient mice". The...
1999). "Essential requirement for Pax6 in control of enteroendocrine proglucagon gene transcription". Mol Endocrinol. 13 (9): 1474–86. doi:10.1210/mend...
genes. The activation of the Wnt target genes specifically represses proglucagon synthesis in enteroendocrine cells. The repression of TCF7L2 using HMG-box...