Range of genetic disorders which cause a person to appear to grow older faster
"Premature aging" redirects here. For aging in general, see Senescence.
Progeroid syndromes (PS) are a group of rare genetic disorders that mimic physiological aging, making affected individuals appear to be older than they are.[1][2] The term progeroid syndrome does not necessarily imply progeria (Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome), which is a specific type of progeroid syndrome.
Progeroid means "resembling premature aging", a definition that can apply to a broad range of diseases. Familial Alzheimer's disease and familial Parkinson's disease are two well-known accelerated-aging diseases that are more frequent in older individuals. They affect only one tissue and can be classified as unimodal progeroid syndromes. Segmental progeria, which is more frequently associated with the term progeroid syndrome, tends to affect multiple or all tissues while causing affected individuals to exhibit only some of the features associated with aging.
All disorders within this group are thought to be monogenic,[3] meaning they arise from mutations of a single gene. Most known PS are due to genetic mutations that lead to either defects in the DNA repair mechanism or defects in lamin A/C.
Examples of PS include Werner syndrome (WS), Bloom syndrome (BS), Rothmund–Thomson syndrome (RTS), Cockayne syndrome (CS), xeroderma pigmentosum (XP), trichothiodystrophy (TTD), combined xeroderma pigmentosum-Cockayne syndrome (XP-CS), restrictive dermopathy (RD), and Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS). Individuals with these disorders tend to have a reduced lifespan.[3] Progeroid syndromes have been widely studied in the fields of aging, regeneration, stem cells, and cancer. The most widely studied of the progeroid syndromes are Werner syndrome and Hutchinson–Gilford progeria, as they are seen to most resemble natural aging.[3]
^Sinha, Jitendra Kumar; Ghosh, Shampa; Raghunath, Manchala (May 2014). "Progeria: a rare genetic premature ageing disorder". Indian J Med Res. 139 (5): 667–74. PMC 4140030. PMID 25027075.
^Gordon, Leslie B.; Cao, Kan; Collins, Francis S. (2012). "Progeria: Translational insights from cell biology". J Cell Biol. 199 (1): 9–13. doi:10.1083/jcb.201207072. PMC 3461511. PMID 23027899.
^ abcNavarro, CL; Cau, P; Lévy, N (2006). "Molecular bases of progeroid syndromes". Human Molecular Genetics. 15 Spec No 2: R151–61. doi:10.1093/hmg/ddl214. PMID 16987878.
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