A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy
Outlines of a Critique of Political Economy
Time, Labor and Social Domination
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Karl Marx
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Étienne Balibar
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Marxist idea
For the specific theoretical justifications behind the Great Leap Forward and the five-year plans, see Theory of the productive forces.
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Productive forces, productive powers, or forces of production (German: Produktivkräfte) is a central idea in Marxism and historical materialism.
In Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels' own critique of political economy, it refers to the combination of the means of labor (tools, machinery, land, infrastructure, and so on) with human labour power. Marx and Engels probably derived the concept from Adam Smith's reference to the "productive powers of labour" (see e.g. chapter 8 of The Wealth of Nations (1776)), although the German political economist Friedrich List also mentions the concept of "productive powers" in The National System of Political Economy (1841).
All those forces which are applied by people in the production process (body and brain, tools and techniques, materials, resources, quality of workers' cooperation, and equipment) are encompassed by this concept, including those management and engineering functions technically indispensable for production (as contrasted with social control functions). Human knowledge can also be a productive force.
Together with the social and technical relations of production, the productive forces constitute a historically specific mode of production.
Productiveforces, productive powers, or forces of production (German: Produktivkräfte) is a central idea in Marxism and historical materialism. In Karl...
The theory of the productiveforces, sometimes referred to as productive force determinism, is a variation of historical materialism and Marxism that places...
school as "land, labour and capital". Marx sometimes used the term "productiveforces" equivalently with "factors of production"; in Kapital, he uses "factors...
explanation, the overall primacy of the productiveforces can be understood in terms of two key theses: (a) The productiveforces tend to develop throughout history...
history of property formations and their relationship to the technical productiveforces of a given period. Marx's conception of private property has proven...
New productiveforces (Chinese: 新质生产力; pinyin: Xīn zhí shēngchǎnlì), also called new quality productiveforces, is a political slogan promoted by the Chinese...
productiveforces and the relations of production, between practice and theory, and between the economic base and the superstructure, the productive forces...
do away with the capitalistic nature of the productiveforces. ... State-ownership of the productiveforces is not the solution of the conflict, but concealed...
Karl Marx wrote: "At a certain stage of development, the material productiveforces of society come into conflict with the existing relations of production...
peculiarity which was due to the undeveloped state of the country's productiveforces. During this phase of development, Zhao recommended introducing a...
between the social forces of production and the relations of production. No social order is ever destroyed before all the productiveforces for which it is...
defend the Bolshevik program from Marxist criticism that Russia's productiveforces were not sufficiently developed for communism. The distinction between...
The Commission for the Study of the Natural ProductiveForces (Kommissiia po izucheniiu estestvennykh proizvoditel'nykh sil – KEPS) was established in...
etc. Social relations are closely bound up with productiveforces. In acquiring new productiveforces men change their mode of production; and in changing...
late-developing capitalist countries are incapable of developing the productiveforces in such a manner as to achieve the sort of advanced capitalism which...
Produktionsweise, "the way of producing") is a specific combination of the: Productiveforces: these include human labour power and means of production (tools,...
economic system postulated to emerge from technological advances in the productiveforces, representing the ultimate goal of the political ideology of communism...
of capitalism in terms of "the enforced destruction of a mass of productiveforces": Modern bourgeois society, with its relations of production, of exchange...
party must always represent the requirements of China's advanced productiveforces, represents the orientation of China's advanced culture, and represents...
mismatch between the relations of production and the development of productiveforces reach the final point of failure, determined by the quality of their...
behavior Division of labour Industrial Revolution Productive and unproductive labour Productiveforces Productivity model Production–possibility frontier...
the incapacity of the bourgeoisie any longer to control the modern productiveforces, the conversion of the great organizations for production and communication...
accumulation with the long-term goal of building up the country's productiveforces while simultaneously promoting world communism. Academics, political...
their consciousness. At a certain stage of development, the material productiveforces of society come into conflict with the existing relations of production...
production must conform to the level of the productiveforces". Similarly to Stalin, Xue considered the productiveforces to be primary and that this was a fundamental...
that in it at each stage there is found a material result: a sum of productiveforces, a historically created relation of individuals to nature and to one...
Karl Marx observed: "At a certain stage of development, the material productiveforces of society come into conflict with the existing relations of production...