Pre-6th century Goidelic Celtic language of Ireland and Britain
Primitive Irish
Archaic Irish Proto-Goidelic
Ogham stone from Ratass Church, 6th century AD. It reads: [A]NM SILLANN MAQ VATTILLOGG ("[in the] name of Sílán son of Fáithloga")
Native to
Ireland, Isle of Man, western coast of Britain
Region
Ireland and Britain
Era
Evolved into Old Irish about the 6th century AD
Language family
Indo-European
Celtic
Insular Celtic
Goidelic
Primitive Irish
Writing system
Ogham
Language codes
ISO 639-3
pgl
Glottolog
None
Map of locations where Orthodox Ogham inscriptions have been found.
Primitive Irish or Archaic Irish[1] (Irish: Gaeilge Ársa, Gaeilge Chianach), also called Proto-Goidelic,[2][3][4][5] is the oldest known form of the Goidelic languages, and the ancestor of all languages within this family.
This phase of the language is known only from fragments, mostly personal names, inscribed on stone in the Ogham alphabet in Ireland and western Great Britain between the 4th and the 6th century AD,[6] before the advent of Old Irish. These inscriptions are referred to as Orthodox Ogham, although scholastic use of the script continued residually until the early 19th century.
^Koch, John T. (2006). Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. pp. 986–1390. ISBN 978-1-85109-440-0.
^Green, Antony Dubach (15 May 1997). The Prosodic Structure of Irish, Scots Gaelic, and Manx (PhD). doi:10.7282/T38W3C3K – via rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu.
^Scannell, Kevin (May 2020). "Neural Models for Predicting Celtic Mutations". Proceedings of the 1st Joint Workshop on Spoken Language Technologies for Under-resourced Languages (SLTU) and Collaboration and Computing for Under-Resourced Languages (CCURL): 1–8. ISBN 9791095546351 – via ACL Anthology.
^Eska, Joseph F. (1 January 2020). "Interarticulatory Timing and Celtic Mutations". Journal of Celtic Linguistics. 21 (1): 235–255. doi:10.16922/jcl.21.7. S2CID 213769085 – via IngentaConnect.
^Dubach Green, Antony (1996). "Some effects of the Weight-to-Stress Principle and grouping harmony in the Goidelic languages". Working Papers of the Cornell Phonetics Laboratory. 11: 117–155. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.387.8008.
^Stifter, David (2009). "4. Early Irish". In Ball, Martin J.; Müller, Nicole (eds.). The Celtic Languages (2nd ed.). London; New York: 2009. p. 55. ISBN 978-0-415-42279-6.
PrimitiveIrish or Archaic Irish (Irish: Gaeilge Ársa, Gaeilge Chianach), also called Proto-Goidelic, is the oldest known form of the Goidelic languages...
language known as PrimitiveIrish. These writings have been found throughout Ireland and the west coast of Great Britain. PrimitiveIrish underwent a change...
preceding PrimitiveIrish period, though initial mutations likely existed in a non-grammaticalised form in the prehistoric era. Contemporary Old Irish scholarship...
earliest linguistic records in Ireland are of PrimitiveIrish, from about the 17th century BCE. Languages spoken in Iron Age Ireland before then are now irretrievable...
Celtic languages in Ireland to Ireland's earliest known form of Irish, PrimitiveIrish, which is found in Ogham inscriptions dating from the 3rd or 4th century...
continental Europe. In Ireland and Wales, the language of the monumental stone inscriptions is termed PrimitiveIrish. The transition to Old Irish, the language...
goat Irishprimitive, Irish landrace, or old Irish goat Scottish primitive, Scottish landrace, old Scottish, or old Scotch goat Welsh primitive, Welsh...
boldfaced). The following are some examples of changes between PrimitiveIrish and Old Irish. These various changes, especially syncope, produced quite complex...
to represent a PrimitiveIrish: *Qatrikias, although this is disputed. Harvey argues that Cothraige "has the form of a classic Old Irish tribal (and therefore...
follows PrimitiveIrish Old Irish Middle Irish Modern Irish Scottish Gaelic Manx During the historical era, Goidelic was restricted to Ireland and, possibly...
Ogham stones are found throughout Ireland and neighbouring parts of Britain. This form of written PrimitiveIrish is thought to have been in use as early...
PrimitiveIrish or Archaic Irish, the oldest known form of the Goidelic (Gaëlic) languages Old Irish or Old Gaelic, used c. AD 600–900 Middle Irish or...
with modern Manx and Irish, is descended from Middle Irish, a derivative of Old Irish, which is descended in turn from PrimitiveIrish, the oldest known...
Irish used in Northern Ireland is primarily of the Ulster Irish dialect, with An Caighdéan (the standardised written Irish of the Republic of Ireland)...
system used to write Irish since the 5th century, when it replaced Ogham, which was used to write PrimitiveIrish and Old Irish. Prior to the mid-20th...
i̯, w, m, and a liquid: Old Irish: ben "woman" (< *benā) Old Irish: gainethar "he/she is born" (< *gan-i̯e-tor) Old Irish: ainb "ignorant" (< *anwiss)...
scattered around the Irish Sea, the bulk of them dating to the fifth and sixth centuries. Their language is predominantly PrimitiveIrish, but a few examples...
and the west coast of Great Britain. PrimitiveIrish transitioned into Old Irish through the 5th century. Old Irish, dating from the 6th century, used the...
immigration by Irish speakers, chiefly from counties Waterford, Tipperary and Cork. Local place names in the Irish language include Newfoundland (Irish: Talamh...
their arguments on the Old Irish that was known from medieval manuscripts rather than on the largely hypothetical PrimitiveIrish used in the 4th century...
speakers. These are: the Goidelic languages (Irish and Scottish Gaelic, both descended from Middle Irish) and the Brittonic languages (Welsh and Breton...
about the fifth century, Gaelic or Goidelic, in the form of PrimitiveIrish, is found in Ireland, while Brittonic, in the form of Common Brittonic, is found...
Irish (reflective of Irish settlement in the area in antiquity), either cognate with the Old Irish ethnic name Féni, "Irish People", from Primitive Irish...
resulted in Proto-Celtic *toutā, PrimitiveIrish *tōθā, Old Irish túath /t̪ʰuaθ/ and ultimately debuccalisation in most Irish and some Scottish dialects to...
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