Preston tuners or machines (also known as peacock, fan, or watchkey tuners) is a type of machine head tuning system for string instruments, named for English cittern (English guitar) maker John Preston and developed in the 18th century.[1][2] Preston claimed to be the inventor of this design,[3] though scholars note the originator could be the luthier John Frederick Hintz, who advertised such a mechanism as early as 1766.[4] The tuning mechanism was also used on the German cittern known as the waldzither, and is associated with the early-20th-century instruments built by C. H. Böhm.
This type of tuner is almost obsolete, but is still used for the Portuguese guitar, itself historically closely related to the English guitar. The 18th-century incarnation of the design in England arranged the tuning bolts and hooks parallel with each other. 19th-century Portuguese luthiers developed the current fan arrangement to accommodate the extra 2 strings with the octave doubling of the lower courses and narrower fingerboard width; the English instrument had two single strings instead and a slightly wider fingerboard.
^American Lutherie: The Quarterly Journal of the Guild of American Luthiers. The Guild. 1991. p. 36. Retrieved 28 April 2013.
^Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. Leslie Lindsey Mason Collection; Nicholas Bessaraboff; Leslie Lindsey Mason (1964). Ancient European musical instruments: an organological study of the musical instruments in the Leslie Lindsey Mason Collection at the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. Published for the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, by October House. p. 240. Retrieved 28 April 2013. -- the peg-box of the usual type is replaced by Preston's 'machine' ... frontal type tuning end fastening; looped ends of strings attached to movable hooks.
^Anthony Baines (1966). European and American musical instruments. Batsford. ISBN 9780907486282. Retrieved 28 April 2013.
^Life after death: the viola da gamba in Britain from Purcell to Dolmetsch. Boydell & Brewer. 2010. pp. 147–. ISBN 978-1-84383-574-5. Retrieved 28 April 2013.
Prestontuners or machines (also known as peacock, fan, or watchkey tuners) is a type of machine head tuning system for string instruments, named for English...
is one of the few musical instruments that still uses watch-key or Prestontuners. It is iconically associated with the musical genre known as Fado. The...
commonly referred to now as Prestontuners, an innovation that appears closely linked with the instrument. In the 1760s J.N. Preston of London invented watch-key...
vintage-reproduction guitars frequently have individual open-gear tuners, enclosed tuners not having become common until after WWII. Several machine head...
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antenna tuner but these add to costs and modern shortwave communication often uses frequency hopping techniques. Even automatic antenna tuners will not...
"Move Over, Darling". Doris Day. United States. Retrieved April 29, 2016. Preston, John (January 20, 2008). "The Napoleon of Sunset Boulevard". The Daily...
used by engine tuners in the UK in the 1930s and in the 1950 and 1960s. Centric Superchargers Ltd was formed in 1934, based in Preston, Lancashire, to...
4 GHz and 5 GHz dual-band with maximum rate up to 150 Mbit/s, FM radio tuner and Bluetooth 4.0 + HS support. The Galaxy Note II was supposed to be available...
Grand Sport (GS), intended for large capacity GT-style cars, and Street Tuner (ST), consisting of smaller sedans and coupes, some of which are front-wheel...
manufacturing rights then passed in 1994 to Andy Molnar, an engineer based in Preston, UK who firstly produced parts faithful to the original 1961 drawings,...
that automatically overclocks up to 806 MHz. An S-DMB tuner has replaced the TV-out and FM tuner. The 4 GB version (SCH-M490) is priced at KRW68,000, and...
Mongrain Thurston Moore Tom Morello Jimmy Page Štěpán Rak Lee Ranaldo Preston Reed Marc Ribot Keith Rowe Joe Satriani Nigel Tufnel Steve Vai Carlos Salzedo...
from the original on December 10, 2006. Retrieved May 4, 2019. Gralla, Preston (September 18, 2020). "The worst version of Windows ever released". Computerworld...
Core Prime is marketed under the name Win 2, a model optionally with DTV tuner. The Samsung Galaxy Core Prime Value Edition was released with a Marvell...
The garage was sold to Honda in 1986 and the business was moved to East Preston to convert Mini Coopers into race cars. In October 2009, Mike Cooper, the...
advertising before 9pm. The U.S. All-Channel Receiver Act requires UHF tuners to be on all consumer sets (channels 14 through 83), as well as VHF.[1][2]...
and My Gal). In the early 1940s, Rosenthal was part of writer-director Preston Sturges' unofficial "stock company" of character actors, appearing in all...
regular TV via the guide. All Windows 7 versions now support up to four tuners of each type (QAM, ATSC, CableCARD, NTSC, etc.). When browsing the media...
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