Amount of the no-load tension in the bolted joint (preload) greatly affects the reliability of the joint. Multiple techniques exist for preload control to ensure that the tension in the bolt is close to the one specified in the design (some bolt-to-bolt statistical variations are inevitable):[1]
torque-controlled tightening is a simple and most popular approach: the fastener is tightened until the torque limit is reached. While for many applications checking just the torque (so called torque control, typically enforced via the use of using a torque wrench or a torque screwdriver, is sufficient, it effectively involves "statistical gambling", where a proper installation of a particular fastener cannot be ascertained.[2] A major part of the torque is due to friction, so the differences in friction can cause large variations of the preload with the same torque setting;[3]
angle-controlled tightening (also known as turn-of-the-nut method) is a technique where the bolt joint is rotated to some angle that ensures the stress beyond the yield limit of the parts. While the method produces a repeatable preload, the thread might fail after multiple re-tightenings and finding the proper angle requires experimentation;
torque-angle tightening (also known as torque-angle tension control) is a method of securing the bolted joint when the initial tension is critical for reliability and safety. The technique relies on simultaneous monitoring of both the torque applied during the tightening as well as the angle of rotation, usually using a torque/angle wrench. The basic process of torque-angle control is simple: apply torque to the fastener until a preset limit is reached, then finish the installation by rotating the part by an additional angle.[2] The modern torque/angle wrenches collect a "signature" of the tightening process (history of torque moments and corresponding rotation angles); the resulting moment vs. angle curve (also known as M-alpha curve[4]) should be checked against the assembly process limits established at the engineering phase.[2]
yield-controlled tightening;
bolt-strecth method utilizes a hydraulic ram that stretches the bolt by pulling on the threaded section of the bolt that protrudes through the nut. Nut is rotated into position with very small torque applied. Once the external stretching force is removed, the preload is established;
heat tightening is based on stretching the bolt by heating it. Once the bolt is expanded, the nut is secured using the turn-of-the-nut method. Upon cooling, a desired preload is achieved as the bolt contracts. This slow and exotic method is used when the bolts are very large;
tension-indicating methods use specially designed bolts and nuts that have built-in features indicating the tension (for example, bumps that are flattened when the preload reaches the calculated value).
tension in the bolted joint (preload) greatly affects the reliability of the joint. Multiple techniques exist for preloadcontrol to ensure that the tension...
needed] Fibers in a preload stimulate a feeling of fullness in the stomach. The glucomannan fiber preload is approved for weight control by European Food...
comfort. Preload is the pressure exerted on a spring over the distance it is compressed. A higher preload means a stiffer spring and a lower preload results...
allowing more blood to be ejected. Stroke volume is intrinsically controlled by preload (the degree to which the ventricles are stretched prior to contracting)...
factors such as temperature, corrosion, vibration, fatigue, and initial preload. In a tension joint, the bolt and clamped components of the joint are designed...
the environment variable LD_PRELOAD and then those listed in /etc/ld.so.preload are loaded before the search begins. A preload can thus be used to replace...
typical modification of this behavior is the use of LD_LIBRARY_PATH and LD_PRELOAD environment variables, which adjust the runtime linking process by searching...
HTTP, HTTPS or SPDY. The cdnjs.cloudflare.com domain is part of the HSTS preload list. There exist websites that host clones of cdnjs libraries on their...
prefetching. There are two W3C standards covering prefetching for HTML5: Link preload Hints to specific URLs. Common hints include JavaScript, CSS, images and...
increases intrathoracic pressure and, thus, a decrease in preload to the heart. This decreased preload leads to cardiovascular changes through the baroreflex...
and separate reservoir shock are adjustable for rebound, compression and preload. A disconnectable and configurable is available as an option. . In February...
cylinder head which open and close at pressures determined by the spring preload applied to the plunger in the injector. Once the pressure in the injector...
racing experience. On the S-model Multistradas, with electronic suspension, preload and damping rates change with each of the engine power modes. Riders can...
shock has electronically adjustable preload, with four settings. While the damping can be adjusted on the fly, the preload can only be changed while stopped...
front fork is non-adjustable while the rear mono shock is adjustable for preload (through a tricky-to-access threaded collar) and for compression damping...
limit home video access to a local network only, play Internet radio, or preload content on Apple TV to be used later as a non-networked video player. For...
Apex rebound and compression fully adjustable suspension with 3 stage preload. Rear Suspension now has upgraded Linkage. Super Duke 1390 2024-Present...
has an upside down fork and a mono rear shock absorber with adjustable preload. The bike has a front 110/80 R19 and a rear 150/70 R17 Metzeler Tourance...
three modes of adjustment (compression damping, rebound damping and spring preload), while the shock separates the compression damping into high and low speed...
CVP − RAP). CVP has been, and often still is, used as a surrogate for preload, and changes in CVP in response to infusions of intravenous fluid have...
balls are a "tight" fit when assembled; however, this gives poor control of the preload, and cannot be adjusted to allow for wear. It is more common to...
crude ABS. Now it's got riding modes, tyre pressure monitoring, electronic preload… It's the most versatile bike I've ever ridden Jensen Beeler (September...
(rain/road) Switchable traction control Non-switchable anti-lock brakes Hybrid LCD/TFT instrument pod Full LED lighting Remote preload adjustment for the rear...
Rear suspension twin gas charged shock absorbers with 5-step adjustable preload, 80 mm travel Dimensions Wheelbase 1370 mm Ground clearance 135 mm Length...
deflection system and is infinitely adjustable in terms of both spring preload and damping. The engine is cooled with a mixture of water and antifreeze...
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