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Potassium perchlorate information


Potassium perchlorate
Names
Other names
Potassium chlorate(VII); Perchloric acid, potassium salt; peroidin
Identifiers
CAS Number
  • 7778-74-7 checkY
3D model (JSmol)
  • Interactive image
ChEMBL
  • ChEMBL1200696 ☒N
ChemSpider
  • 22913 checkY
ECHA InfoCard 100.029.011 Edit this at Wikidata
EC Number
  • 231-912-9
PubChem CID
  • 516900
RTECS number
  • SC9700000
UNII
  • 42255P5X4D checkY
UN number 1489
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
  • DTXSID3047003 Edit this at Wikidata
InChI
  • InChI=1S/ClHO4.K/c2-1(3,4)5;/h(H,2,3,4,5);/q;+1/p-1 checkY
    Key: YLMGFJXSLBMXHK-UHFFFAOYSA-M checkY
  • InChI=1/ClHO4.K/c2-1(3,4)5;/h(H,2,3,4,5);/q;+1/p-1
    Key: YLMGFJXSLBMXHK-REWHXWOFAB
SMILES
  • [K+].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O
Properties
Chemical formula
 KClO4
Molar mass 138.55 g/mol
Appearance colourless/ white crystalline powder
Density 2.5239 g/cm3
Melting point 610 °C (1,130 °F; 883 K)
decomposes from 400 °C[4][5]
Solubility in water
 0.76 g/100 mL (0 °C)
1.5 g/100 mL (25 °C)[1]
4.76 g/100 mL (40 °C)
21.08 g/100 mL (100 °C)[2]
Solubility product (Ksp)
1.05·10−2[3]
Solubility negligible in alcohol
insoluble in ether
Solubility in ethanol 47 mg/kg (0 °C)
120 mg/kg (25 °C)[2]
Solubility in acetone 1.6 g/kg[2]
Solubility in ethyl acetate 15 mg/kg[2]
Refractive index (nD)
 1.4724
Structure
Crystal structure
 Rhombohedral
Thermochemistry
Heat capacity (C)
 111.35 J/mol·K[6]
Std molar
entropy (S⦵298)
 150.86 J/mol·K[6]
Std enthalpy of
formation (ΔfH⦵298)
 -433 kJ/mol[7]
Gibbs free energy (ΔfG⦵)
 -300.4 kJ/mol[2]
Hazards
GHS labelling:
Pictograms
 GHS03: OxidizingGHS07: Exclamation mark[5]
Signal word
 Danger
Hazard statements
 H271, H302, H335[5]
Precautionary statements
 P220, P280[5]
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
NFPA 704 four-colored diamondHealth 1: Exposure would cause irritation but only minor residual injury. E.g. turpentineFlammability 0: Will not burn. E.g. waterInstability 1: Normally stable, but can become unstable at elevated temperatures and pressures. E.g. calciumSpecial hazard OX: Oxidizer. E.g. potassium perchlorate
1
0
1
OX
Safety data sheet (SDS) MSDS
Related compounds
Other anions
 Potassium chloride
Potassium chlorate
Potassium periodate
Other cations
 Ammonium perchlorate
Sodium perchlorate
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
☒N verify (what is checkY☒N ?)
Infobox references

Potassium perchlorate is the inorganic salt with the chemical formula KClO4. Like other perchlorates, this salt is a strong oxidizer when the solid is heated at high temperature although it usually reacts very slowly in solution with reducing agents or organic substances. This colorless crystalline solid is a common oxidizer used in fireworks, ammunition percussion caps, explosive primers, and is used variously in propellants, flash compositions, stars, and sparklers. It has been used as a solid rocket propellant, although in that application it has mostly been replaced by the more performant ammonium perchlorate.

KClO4 has a relatively low solubility in water (1.5 g in 100 mL of water at 25 °C).[1]

  1. ^ a b "Potassium Perchlorate MSDS". J.T. Baker. 2007-02-16. Retrieved 2007-12-10.
  2. ^ a b c d e "potassium perchlorate". chemister.ru. Retrieved 14 April 2018.
  3. ^ "Ksp solubility product constants of many popular salts at SolubilityOFthings".
  4. ^ Benenson, Walter; Stöcker, Horst (13 January 2006). Handbook of Physics. Springer. p. 780. ISBN 978-0387952697.
  5. ^ a b c d Sigma-Aldrich Co., Potassium perchlorate. Retrieved on 2022-02-17.
  6. ^ a b Potassium perchlorate in Linstrom, Peter J.; Mallard, William G. (eds.); NIST Chemistry WebBook, NIST Standard Reference Database Number 69, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg (MD) (retrieved 2014-05-27)
  7. ^ Zumdahl, Steven S. (2009). Chemical Principles 6th Ed. Houghton Mifflin Company. p. A22. ISBN 978-0-618-94690-7.

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