The monomer repeat unit of unsubstituted polythiophene.Polythiophenes demonstrate interesting optical properties resulting from their conjugated backbone, as demonstrated by the fluorescence of a substituted polythiophene solution under UV irradiation.Space-filling model of poly(3-butylthiophene) from the crystal structure.[1]AFM image of poly(3-decylthiophene-2,5-diyl) on hexagonal boron nitride (top-right inset).
Polythiophenes (PTs) are polymerized thiophenes, a sulfur heterocycle. The parent PT is an insoluble colored solid with the formula (C4H2S)n.[notes 1][2][3] The rings are linked through the 2- and 5-positions. Poly(alkylthiophene)s have alkyl substituents at the 3- or 4-position(s). They are also colored solids, but tend to be soluble in organic solvents.
PTs become conductive when oxidized. The electrical conductivity results from the delocalization of electrons along the polymer backbone. Conductivity however is not the only interesting property resulting from electron delocalization. The optical properties of these materials respond to environmental stimuli, with dramatic color shifts in response to changes in solvent, temperature, applied potential, and binding to other molecules. Changes in both color and conductivity are induced by the same mechanism, twisting of the polymer backbone and disrupting conjugation, making conjugated polymers attractive as sensors that can provide a range of optical and electronic responses.[4][5][6]
The development of polythiophenes and related conductive organic polymers was recognized by the awarding of the 2000 Nobel Prize in Chemistry to Alan J. Heeger, Alan MacDiarmid, and Hideki Shirakawa "for the discovery and development of conductive polymers".
^Arosio, Paolo; Moreno, Margherita; Famulari, Antonino; Raos, Guido; Catellani, Marinella; Valdo Meille, Stefano (2009). "Ordered Stacking of Regioregular Head-to-Tail Polyalkylthiophenes: Insights from the Crystal Structure of Form I′ Poly(3-n-butylthiophene)". Chem. Mater.21 (1): 78–87. doi:10.1021/cm802168e.
^Tourillon, G.; Garnier, F. (April 1982). "New electrochemically generated organic conducting polymers". Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry and Interfacial Electrochemistry. 135 (1): 173–178. doi:10.1016/0022-0728(82)90015-8.
^Österholm, J.-E.; Passiniemi, P.; Isotalo, H.; Stubb, H. (February 1987). "Synthesis and properties of FeCl4-doped polythiophene". Synthetic Metals. 18 (1–3): 213–218. doi:10.1016/0379-6779(87)90881-2.
^Nielsen, Christian B.; McCulloch, Iain (2013). "Recent advances in transistor performance of polythiophenes". Progress in Polymer Science. 38 (12): 2053–2069. doi:10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2013.05.003. hdl:10044/1/14442. S2CID 136757919.
^McQuade, D. Tyler; Pullen, Anthony E.; Swager, Timothy M. (2000). "Conjugated Polymer-Based Chemical Sensors". Chemical Reviews. 100 (7): 2537–74. doi:10.1021/cr9801014. PMID 11749295. S2CID 4936796.
^Mehmood, Umer; Al-Ahmed, Amir; Hussein, Ibnelwaleed A. (2016). "Review on recent advances in polythiophene based photovoltaic devices". Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews. 57: 550–561. Bibcode:2016RSERv..57..550M. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2015.12.177. S2CID 101640805.
Cite error: There are <ref group=notes> tags on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=notes}} template (see the help page).
Polythiophenes (PTs) are polymerized thiophenes, a sulfur heterocycle. The parent PT is an insoluble colored solid with the formula (C4H2S)n. The rings...
P3AT may refer to: Polythiophene Kel-Tec P3AT semi-automatic handgun This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the same title formed as...
polymer formed by linking thiophene through its 2,5 positions is called polythiophene. Polymerization is conducted by oxidation using electrochemical methods...
activated conduction. Therefore, undoped conjugated polymers, such as polythiophenes, polyacetylenes only have a low electrical conductivity of around 10−10...
industrial-scale production of aliskiren, a hypertension medication, and polythiophenes, useful in organic electronic devices. The first investigations into...
secure a computer system is Platinum, symbol Pt, a chemical element Polythiophene, a molecule Total pressure (Pt), in fluid dynamics A US Navy hull classification...
of electrically conducting polymers have been identified including polythiophene, polyphenylene sulfide, and others. J.E. Lilienfeld first proposed the...
imaging-guided tumor PTT. Polythiophene (PTh) and its derivatives-based polymers are also one kind of conjugated polymers for PTT. Polythiophene-based polymers usually...
conducting polymer that exhibits better conductivity than its relative, polythiophene. Wudl, Fred; Kobayashi, M.; Heeger, A. J. (1984-09-01). "Poly(isothianaphthene)"...
shifted to other conductive polymers for application purposes including polythiophene and polyaniline. Molecular electronics could also be a potential application...
thiophene, a shorter oligomer is dithienyl, and the parent polymer is polythiophene. In the most common isomer of terthiophene, two thienyl groups are connected...
The polymers with rigid backbones are prone to crystallization (e.g. polythiophenes) in thin films and in solution. Crystallization in its turn affects...
bonds has led to a wealth of polymer-based semiconductors, such as polythiophenes. This has led to many applications in the field of organic electronics...
Bipolarons and polarons are encountered in doped conducting polymers such as polythiophene. It is possible to synthesize and isolate bipolaron model compounds...
scientific literature. Work on conductive polymers including polypyrrole, polythiophene, polyaniline, and polyacetylene was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry...
as well as conducting polymers such as polyaniline or derivatives of polythiophene covering the electrode material. The amount of electric charge stored...
supramolecular interactions are introduced. Progress on BCPs containing polythiophene derivatives yield solar cells that assemble into well defined networks...
with redox active pendant groups. The conducting backbone is usually polythiophene or polypyrrole based. As pendant groups quinones, radicals (eg. TEMPO)...
as well as conducting polymers such as polyaniline or derivatives of polythiophene covering the electrode material. These materials provide high pseudocapacitance...
ability of Rieke Zn to convert 2,5-dibromothiophenes to the corresponding polythiophene. Rieke-Zn also reacts with bromoesters to give organozinc reagents of...
cumulene or polyyne carbon atom chains, and many polymers such as polythiophenes. Nanoionics studies the transport of ions rather than electrons in nanoscale...
graphite and silver. Polymer e-caps employ either polypyrrole (PPy) or polythiophene (PEDOT or PEDT) Polypyrrole (PPy) is a conducting polymer formed by...
Global Information
