In quantum field theory, the Polyakov loop is the thermal analogue of the Wilson loop, acting as an order parameter for confinement in pure gauge theories at nonzero temperatures. In particular, it is a Wilson loop that winds around the compactified Euclidean temporal direction of a thermal quantum field theory. It indicates confinement because its vacuum expectation value must vanish in the confined phase due to its non-invariance under center gauge transformations. This also follows from the fact that the expectation value is related to the free energy of individual quarks, which diverges in this phase. Introduced by Alexander M. Polyakov in 1975,[1] they can also be used to study the potential between pairs of quarks at nonzero temperatures.
^Polyakov, A.M. (1978). "Compact gauge fields and the infrared catastrophe". Physics Letters B. 59 (1): 82–84. doi:10.1016/0370-2693(75)90162-8.
In quantum field theory, the Polyakovloop is the thermal analogue of the Wilson loop, acting as an order parameter for confinement in pure gauge theories...
duals to Wilson loops, and Polyakovloops, which are the thermal version of Wilson loops. To properly define Wilson loops in gauge theory requires considering...
Alexander Markovich Polyakov (Russian: Алекса́ндр Ма́ркович Поляко́в; born 27 September 1945) is a Russian theoretical physicist, formerly at the Landau...
order operator for confinement are thermal versions of Wilson loops known as Polyakovloops. The confinement scale or QCD scale is the scale at which the...
Sergey Vladimirovich Polyakov (Russian: Сергей Владимирович Поляков, born May 3, 1951, in Kharkiv, Ukrainian SSR, Soviet Union) is a Russian-American scientist...
1103/PhysRevD.73.014019. Rößner, S.; Ratti, C.; Weise, W. (8 February 2007). "Polyakovloop, diquarks, and the two-flavor phase diagram". Physical Review D. 75...
mathematical physics is to work with KMS states. Matsubara frequency Polyakovloop Quantum thermodynamics Quantum statistical mechanics Bloch, F. (1932)...
field theory. As an undergraduate student he worked out (with Alexander Polyakov) the theory of the dynamical mass generation in gauge theories, commonly...
In physics, the Polyakov action is an action of the two-dimensional conformal field theory describing the worldsheet of a string in string theory. It was...
In mathematics, loop algebras are certain types of Lie algebras, of particular interest in theoretical physics. For a Lie algebra g {\displaystyle {\mathfrak...
theory can be said to be defined by the path integral quantization of the Polyakov action: I 0 [ g , X ] = T 8 π ∫ M d 2 ξ g g m n ∂ m x μ ∂ n x ν G μ ν (...
ISBN 0-521-63303-6. Vol. 2: Superstring theory and beyond. ISBN 0-521-63304-4. Polyakov, A.M. (1981). "Quantum geometry of bosonic strings". Physics Letters B...
theory terminology: 't Hooft matching condition 't Hooft loop 't Hooft symbol 't Hooft–Polyakov monopole Hooft at the Database of Surnames in The Netherlands...
for effects of their self-interactions. But even if no infinities arose in loop diagrams in quantum field theory, it could be shown that it would be necessary...
This is a list of string theory topics. Strings Nambu–Goto action Polyakov action Bosonic string theory Superstring theory Type I string Type II string...
elaborated in articles by Steven Gubser, Igor Klebanov, and Alexander Markovich Polyakov, and by Edward Witten. By 2010, Maldacena's article had over 7000 citations...
theory known as string theory. These theories are without supersymmetry. Polyakov action Nambu-Goto action Bosonic string theory Kondo model (s-d model)...
≤ σ < 2 π {\displaystyle 0\leq \sigma <2\pi } . In order to define the Polyakov action, the world-sheet is equipped with a world-sheet metric g {\displaystyle...
In string theory, a heterotic string is a closed string (or loop) which is a hybrid ('heterotic') of a superstring and a bosonic string. There are two...
of bosonic string theory. String theory is formulated in terms of the Polyakov action, which describes how strings move through space and time. Like springs...
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