Trigona bees chew through unopened flowers to access pollenTrigona bees chew through unopened flowers to access pollen
Pollen theft, also known as pollen robbery or floral larceny, occurs when an animal actively eats or collects pollen from a plant species but provides little or no pollination in return. Pollen theft was named as a concept at least as early as the 1980,[1] and examples have been documented well before that. For example, native honey bees were documented 'stealing' large amounts of pollen from the large, bat-pollinated flowers of Parkia clappertoniana in Ghana in the 1950s.[2] Nevertheless, pollen theft has typically received far less research attention than nectar robbing, despite the more direct consequences on plant reproduction.
^Inouye, David (1980). "The terminology of floral larceny". Ecology. 61 (5): 1251–1253. doi:10.2307/1936841. JSTOR 1936841 – via JSTOR.
^Baker, H. G.; Harris, B. J. (1957). "The Pollination of Parkia by Bats and Its Attendant Evolutionary Problems". Evolution. 11 (4): 449–460. doi:10.2307/2406065. ISSN 0014-3820. JSTOR 2406065.
Pollentheft, also known as pollen robbery or floral larceny, occurs when an animal actively eats or collects pollen from a plant species but provides...
"Consumptive emasculation: the ecological and evolutionary consequences of pollentheft". Biological Reviews. 84 (2): 259–276. doi:10.1111/j.1469-185X.2008.00074...
facilitate pollen transfer by birds, and those that exclude other groups, primarily insects, protecting against 'theft' of nectar and pollen. The ovules...
the stigma or anthers, termed pollentheft. As the flowers of the Asiatic dayflower lack nectar, they offer only pollen as a reward to their visitors...
collect and store honey, pollen, resin, propolis, and cerumen. Honey serves as their primary carbohydrate source, while pollen provides essential proteins...
cells, known as spermatia. Flowering plants contain non-motile sperm inside pollen, while some more basal plants like ferns and some gymnosperms have motile...
becomes a member of the pollen jocks, and they fly off to a flower patch. Armed with the pollen of the last flowers, Barry and the Pollen Jocks reverse the...
Kleptoparasitism (originally spelt clepto-parasitism, meaning "parasitism by theft") is a form of feeding in which one animal deliberately takes food from...
transport of male gametes and the pollinator benefits from a reward, such as pollen or nectar. As nectar robbers receive the rewards without direct contact...
forward. In 2019, Levandowski was indicted on 33 federal charges of alleged theft of self-driving car trade secrets. In August 2020, Levandowski pled guilty...
"Sleepwalking" gained popularity for featuring on the video game Grand Theft Auto V (2013) and its accompanying soundtrack. In 2014, Mohager became the...
small beetles of the genus Meligethes – often there are up to 12 or more pollen-covered individuals in a single flower. The beetles also fly from flower...
process is referred to as pollination. It is the process of transfer of pollen grains from one anther to stigma of other plants. Insemination of a woman...
He tricks General Ivar and frees Kaitlin, but General Ivar releases the Pollen-Bot. General Ivar, and his forces, follow right behind J.B., but he defeats...
erosion and loss of soil organic matter. This plant was top-ranked for pollen production per floral unit sampled at the level of the entire capitulum...
Demon Roses, poisonous roses that can kill someone with their thorns or pollen. Seiya will lose his five senses and soon die. He then reveals that he is...
Notable examples include Villa Boscoreale in Herculaneum, where extensive pollen analysis has been conducted to identify the flora cultivated. Reserved for...
found in most other Drosera species, including woody rhizomes, operculate pollen, and the lack of circinate vernation in scape growth. All of these factors...
Institute of Fine Arts Lewis Goldenberg, Wildenstein & Co, New York Peregrine Pollen, Park-Bernet Galleries, New York John Rewald, University of Chicago Joseph...
the site with the inscription of Pollen Łaskarzew. In the course of the investigation, militiamen reached the Pollen factory and on May 16, 1983 they...
Retrieved 14 March 2011. Pollens, Stewart (1992). The Violin Forms of Antonio Stradivari. Peter Biddulph. ISBN 0-9520109-0-9. Pollens, Stewart (2015). The...
in swaths from a neighbour's land or even growing from germination by pollen carried into his field from elsewhere by insects, birds, or by the wind...
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