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Politics of Thailand
การเมืองไทย
Emblem of Thailand
Polity type
Unitary parliamentary constitutional monarchy
Constitution
Constitution of Thailand
Legislative branch
Name
National Assembly
Type
Bicameral
Meeting place
Sappaya-Sapasathan
Upper house
Name
Senate
Presiding officer
Pornpetch Wichitcholchai, President of the Senate
Appointer
Indirect limited voting with self-nomination
Lower house
Name
House of Representatives
Presiding officer
Wan Muhamad Noor Matha, Speaker
Appointer
First-past-the-post system and Party-list proportional representation
Borders : Cambodia Laos Malaysia Myanmar (Maritime : India Indonesia Vietnam)
Foreign aid
UN
ASEAN
ACD
BIMSTEC
MRC
EAS
RCEP
APEC
MNNA
G77
IPEF
MGC
Political unrest
After reunited in 1767
Political crisis
Front Palace Crisis (1874–1875)
Peace Rebellion (1952)
1970s peasant revolts
1973 popular uprising
6 October 1976 massacre
Black May (1992)
2005–2006 political crisis
2008 political crisis
2009 political unrest
2010 political protests
2013–2014 political crisis
2020–2021 protests
Military coups
Palace Revolt of 1912
Revolution of 1932
April 1933 coup d'état
June 1933 coup d'état
Boworadet rebellion (1933)
Rebellion of the Sergeants (1935)
Songsuradet Rebellion (1939)
1947 coup d'état
1948 coup d'état
Army General Staff plot (1948)
Palace Rebellion (1949)
Manhattan Rebellion (1951)
Silent Coup (1951)
1957 coup d'état
1958 coup d'état
Rebellion of 1964
1971 coup d'état
1976 coup d'état
March 1977 coup d'état attempt
October 1977 coup d'état
1981 military rebellion
1985 coup d'état attempt
1991 coup d'état
2006 coup d'état
2014 coup d'état
Terrorism
Israeli Bangkok Embassy hostage crisis (1972)
1999 attack on the Myanmar Embassy in Bangkok
South insurgency (2004–present)
2012 Bangkok bombings
2015 Bangkok bombing
2019 Bangkok bombings
Conflicts
Taksin's reunification (1767–1771)
Cambodian rebellion (1811–1812)
Lao rebellion (1826–1828)
Kedahan rebellion (1838–1839)
Haw wars (1865–1890)
Holy Man's Rebellion (1901–1936)
Ngiao rebellion (1902)
Dusun Nyor Rebellion (1948)
Separatist Rebellion (1948)
Communist insurgency (1965–1983)
Foreign relations crisis
Wars
Blue Diamond Affair (1989–2019)
2003 Phnom Penh riots
Cambodian–Thai border dispute (2008–2011)
Related topics
History
Demographics
Economy
Education
Crime
Armed Forces
Police
Bank of Thailand
Thailand portal
Other countries
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The Politics of Thailand are conducted within the framework of a constitutional monarchy, whereby the prime minister is the head of government and a hereditary monarch is head of state. The judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislative branches.
Following the coup d'état of 22 May 2014 revoking the 2007 constitution, a military organization called National Council for Peace and Order (NCPO) had taken over administration. The chief of NCPO abolished the national assembly and assumed the responsibilities of the legislative branch. Under the martial law enforced throughout the kingdom, military courts have been tasked to be responsible for some cases that are normally under the civilian courts. However, the court system, including the Constitutional Court, still remains in existence, even without the constitution. The NCPO was formally dissolved following the swearing-in of the new cabinet on 16 July 2019.[1]
The Kingdom of Siam (now known as Thailand) was ruled as an absolute monarchy. After the Siamese revolution in 1932, led by westernized bureaucrats and a tradition-oriented military, Siam officially became a constitutional monarchy with a prime minister as the head of government. The first written constitution was issued. Politics became the arena of fighting factions between old and new elites, bureaucrats, and generals. Coups occurred from time to time, often bringing the country under the rule of military juntas.[2] To date, Thailand has had 20[3] charters and constitutions, reflecting a high degree of political instability. After successful coups, military regimes have abrogated existing constitutions and promulgated interim charters. Negotiations between politicians, bureaucrats, influence peddlers, corporate leaders and army officers have become a driving force in the restoration of temporary political stability.
The Economist Intelligence Unit rated Thailand a "flawed democracy" in 2023.[4][needs update]
^Nanuam, Wassana; Bangprapa, Mongkol (17 July 2019). "HM gives cabinet moral support". Bangkok Post. Retrieved 9 January 2019.
^Kongkirati, Prajak (2024). "Thailand: Contestation, Polarization, and Democratic Regression". Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781108565677. ISBN 978-1-108-56567-7.
^Paddock, Richard C.; Lindner, Emmett (2020-10-24). "Bangkok Is Engulfed by Protests. What's Driving Them?". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2020-11-21.
^"Democracy Index 2022: Frontline democracy and the battle for Ukraine" (PDF). Economist Intelligence Unit. 2023. Retrieved 2023-02-09.
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