The politics of Sweden take place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic constitutional monarchy. Executive power is exercised by the government, led by the prime minister of Sweden. Legislative power is vested in both the government and parliament, elected within a multi-party system. The judiciary is independent, appointed by the government and employed until retirement. Sweden is formally a monarchy with a monarch holding symbolic power.
Sweden has a typical Western European history of democracy, beginning with the old Viking age Ting electing kings, ending with a hereditary royal power in the 14th century, that in periods became more or less democratic depending on the general European trends. The current democratic regime is a product of a stable development of successively added democratic institutions introduced during the 19th century up to 1921, when women's suffrage was introduced. The Government of Sweden has adhered to parliamentarism — de jure since 1975, de facto since 1917.
Since the Great Depression, Swedish national politics has largely been dominated by the Social Democratic Workers' Party, which has held a plurality (and sometimes a majority) in the Swedish parliament since 1917. General elections are held every four years.
The Economist Intelligence Unit rated Sweden a "full democracy" its report for 2020.[1] According to the V-Dem Democracy indices Sweden was 2023 the third most electoral democratic country in the world.[2] According to Freedom House Sweden scored scored 40/40 for protection of political rights in 2020.[3]
^EIU 2020 report
^V-Dem Institute (2023). "The V-Dem Dataset". Retrieved 14 October 2023.
^"Sweden: Freedom in the World 2020 Country Report". Freedom House. Retrieved 1 July 2021.
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