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Politics of the Russian Federation
Государственный строй Российской Федерации
Coat of Arms of the Russian Federation
Constitution
Constitution of Russia
Legislative branch
Name
Federal Assembly
Type
Bicameral
Meeting place
Moscow Kremlin
Upper house
Name
Federation Council
Presiding officer
, Chairwoman of the Federation Council
Appointer
Indirect elections
Lower house
Name
State Duma
Presiding officer
Vyacheslav Volodin, Chairman of the State Duma
Executive branch
Head of State
Title
President
Currently
Vladimir Putin
Appointer
Direct popular vote
Head of Government
Title
Prime Minister
Currently
Mikhail Mishustin
Appointer
President
Cabinet
Name
Government of Russia
Current cabinet
Mikhail Mishustin's Cabinet
Leader
Prime Minister
Appointer
President
Headquarters
Moscow
Ministries
32
Judicial branch
Name
Judiciary of Russia
Constitutional Court
Chief judge
Valery Zorkin
Supreme Court
Chief judge
Vyacheslav Lebedev
The Moscow Kremlin has been the central location of Russian political affairs since Soviet times.
Politics of Russia
Law
Constitution
Russian Criminal Code
Tax Code
Mental Health Law
Presidency
President Vladimir Putin (list)
Presidential Administration
Security Council
State Council
Executive
Prime Minister Mikhail Mishustin (list)
Government
Cabinet (56th)
Legislature
Federal Assembly
Federation Council
Members
Chairwoman: Valentina Matviyenko
State Duma
Members (8th convocation)
Chairman: Vyacheslav Volodin
Judiciary
Constitutional Court
Supreme Court
Prosecutor General
Legal system
Law enforcement
Elections
Central Election Commission
Presidential elections
Legislative elections
Gubernatorial elections
Regional elections
Local elections
Electoral geography
Political parties
Federalism
Federal subjects
Heads of federal subjects
Regional parliaments
Local government
Foreign relations
Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Minister: Sergey Lavrov
Diplomatic missions of / in Russia
Nationality law
Passports
Visa requirements
Visa policy (history)
Russia and the United Nations
United Nations Security Council
P5
Union State
EAEU
CIS
SCO
BRICS
APEC
EAS
G20
United States
Finland
China
India
Ukraine
EU
NATO
Arctic policy
Related topics
Administrative divisions
Armed forces
Civic Chamber
Accounts Chamber
Opposition
Human rights
Political abuse of psychiatry
Russia portal
Other countries
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The politics of Russia take place in the framework of the federal semi-presidential republic of Russia. According to the Constitution of Russia, the President of Russia is head of state, and of a multi-party system with executive power exercised by the government, headed by the Prime Minister, who is appointed by the President with the parliament's approval. Legislative power is vested in the two houses of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation, while the President and the government issue numerous legally binding by-laws.
Since the collapse of the Soviet Union at the end of 1991, Russia has seen serious challenges in its efforts to forge a political system to follow nearly seventy-five years of Soviet governance. For instance, leading figures in the legislative and executive branches have put forth opposing views of Russia's political direction and the governmental instruments that should be used to follow it. That conflict reached a climax in September and October 1993, when President Boris Yeltsin used military force to dissolve the parliament and called for new legislative elections (see Russian constitutional crisis of 1993). This event marked the end of Russia's first constitutional period, which was defined by the much-amended constitution adopted by the Supreme Soviet of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic in 1978. A new constitution, creating a strong presidency, was approved by referendum in December 1993.
With a new constitution and a new parliament representing diverse parties and factions, Russia's political structure subsequently showed signs of stabilization. As the transition period extended into the mid-1990s, the power of the national government continued to wane as Russia's regions gained political and economic concessions from Moscow. With the assent of Russian Federation President Vladimir Putin, reforms to strengthen Federal control were implemented, rolling back regional power gains, including in the 22 Republics.
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