Politics of Malawi takes place in a framework of a presidential representative democratic republic, whereby the President of Malawi is both head of state and head of government, and of a multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative power is vested in both the government and the National Assembly. There is a cabinet of Malawi that is appointed by the President of Malawi. The judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature.
Malawi attained independence in July 1964 and was governed as a one-party personalist dictatorship under Hastings Banda and his Malawi Congress Party from 1964 to 1994.[1] In the early 1990s, pressure formed on the regime to democratize.[1] Following a 1993 referendum won by pro-democracy forces, a multi-party democratic system was established in 1994.[1] The Economist Intelligence Unit rated Malawi a "hybrid regime" in 2022.[2]
Scholars have remarked on Malawi as an unusually resilient democracy given that it has many of the preconditions for democratic backsliding such as a weak economy, low state capacity, politically salient ethnic divisions, and a recent authoritarian past.[3]
^ abcGloppen, Siri; Kanyongolo, Fidelis; Shen-Bayh, Fiona; Wang, Vibeke (2023), "Malawi", Democratic Backsliding in Africa?, Oxford University Press, pp. 163–186, doi:10.1093/oso/9780192867322.003.0007, ISBN 0-19-286732-6
^"Democracy Index 2022: Frontline democracy and the battle for Ukraine" (PDF). Economist Intelligence Unit. 2023. Retrieved 9 February 2023.
^Dionne, Kim Yi (2024). "Why Malawi's Democracy Endures". Journal of Democracy. 35 (2): 122–135. ISSN 1086-3214.
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