Global InformationMalawi information
Republic of Malawi Dziko la Malaŵi (Chichewa) Charu cha Malaŵi (Chitumbuka) | |
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 Flag
 Coat of arms
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| Motto: "Unity and Freedom" | |
| Anthem: Mlungu dalitsani Malaŵi (Chichewa) (English: "O God Bless Our Land of Malawi")[1] | |
 Location of Malawi (dark green) in southeast Africa | |
| Capital and largest city | Lilongwe 13°57′S 33°42′E / 13.950°S 33.700°E |
| Official languages | English
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| Recognised regional languages |
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| Ethnic groups (2018 census[2]) |
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| Religion (2018 census)[3] |
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| Demonym(s) | Malawian |
| Government | Unitary presidential republic |
• President | Lazarus Chakwera |
• Vice-President | Saulos Chilima |
• House Speaker | Catherine Gotani Hara |
• Chief Justice | Rizine Mzikamanda |
| Legislature | National Assembly |
| Independence from the United Kingdom | |
• Dominion | 6 July 1964 |
• Republic | 6 July 1966 |
| Area | |
• Total | 118,484 km2 (45,747 sq mi) (99th) |
• Water (%) | 20.6% |
| Population | |
• 2024 estimate |  21,240,689[4] (62nd) |
• 2018 census | 17,563,749[2] |
• Density | 153.1/km2 (396.5/sq mi) (56th) |
| GDP (PPP) | 2023 estimate |
• Total | $37.919 billion[5] (137th) |
• Per capita | $1,668[5] (186th) |
| GDP (nominal) | 2023 estimate |
• Total | $13.176 billion[5] (149th) |
• Per capita | $579[5] (190th) |
| Gini (2016) |  44.7[6]medium |
| HDI (2021) | 0.512[7] low (169th) |
| Currency | Malawian kwacha (D) (MWK) |
| Time zone | UTC+2 (CAT) |
| Calling code | +265[8] |
| ISO 3166 code | MW |
| Internet TLD | .mw[8] |
* Population estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected.
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Malawi (/məˈlɑːwi/; lit. 'flames' in Chichewa and Tumbuka),[9] officially the Republic of Malawi and formerly known as Nyasaland, is a landlocked country in Southeastern Africa. It is bordered by Zambia to the west, Tanzania to the north and northeast, and Mozambique to the east, south and southwest. Malawi spans over 118,484 km2 (45,747 sq mi) and has an estimated population of 19,431,566 (as of January 2021).[10] Malawi's capital and largest city is Lilongwe. Its second-largest is Blantyre, its third-largest is Mzuzu and its fourth-largest is its former capital, Zomba. It was the first capital city of Malawi before being changed to Lilongwe.
The part of Africa now known as Malawi was settled around the 10th century by migrating Bantu groups.[citation needed] Centuries later, in 1891, the area was colonised by the British as the British Central African Protectorate, and it was renamed as Nyasaland in 1907. In 1953, it became a protectorate within the semi-independent Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland. The Federation was dissolved in 1963. In 1964, the protectorate was ended: Nyasaland became an independent country as a Commonwealth realm under Prime Minister Hastings Banda, and was renamed Malawi. Two years later, Banda became president by converting the country into a one-party presidential republic. Declared President for life in 1971, Malawi's next few decades of independence were characterized by Banda's highly repressive dictatorship.[11][12][13] Following the introduction of a multiparty system in 1993, Banda was defeated in the 1994 general election. Today, Malawi has a democratic, multi-party republic headed by an elected president and has continued to experience peaceful transitions of power. According to the 2024 V-Dem Democracy indices Malawi is ranked 74th electoral democracy worldwide and 11th electoral democracy in Africa.[14] The country's military, the Malawian Defence Force, includes an army, a navy, and an air wing. Malawi's foreign policy is pro-Western. It maintains positive diplomatic relations with most countries, and participates in several international organisations, including the United Nations, the Commonwealth of Nations, the Southern African Development Community (SADC), the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA), and the African Union (AU).
Malawi is one of the world's least-developed countries. The economy is heavily based on agriculture, and it has a largely rural and rapidly growing population. The Malawian government depends heavily on outside aid to meet its development needs, although the amount needed (and the aid offered) has decreased since 2000. The Malawian government faces challenges in its efforts to build and expand the economy, to improve education, healthcare, and environmental protection, and to become financially independent despite widespread unemployment. Since 2005, Malawi has developed several policies that focus on addressing these issues, and the country's outlook appears to be improving: key indicators of progress in the economy, education, and healthcare were seen in 2007 and 2008.
Malawi has a low life expectancy and high infant mortality. HIV/AIDS is highly prevalent, which both reduces the labour force and requires increased government expenditures. The country has a diverse population that includes native peoples, Asians, and Europeans. Several languages are spoken, and there is an array of religious beliefs. Although in the past there was a periodic regional conflict fuelled in part by ethnic divisions, by 2008 this internal conflict had considerably diminished, and the idea of identifying with one's Malawian nationality had reemerged.
- ^ "Malawi National Anthem Lyrics". National Anthem Lyrics. Lyrics on Demand. Archived from the original on 10 May 2011. Retrieved 24 August 2008.
- ^ a b "2018 Population and Housing Census Main Report" (PDF). Malawi National Statistical Office. Retrieved 25 December 2019.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
DHS 2016was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ "Malawi Population 2024". worldometers.info. Retrieved 25 January 2024.
- ^ a b c d "World Economic Outlook Database, October 2023 Edition. (Malawi)". IMF.org. International Monetary Fund. 10 October 2023. Retrieved 18 October 2023.
- ^ "Gini Index". World Bank. Retrieved 23 June 2021.
- ^ Human Development Report 2021 The Next Frontier: Human Development and the Anthropocene (PDF). United Nations Development Programme. 15 December 2021. pp. 343–346. ISBN 978-92-1-126442-5. Retrieved 16 December 2021.
- ^ a b "Country profile: Malawi". BBC News. 13 March 2008. Retrieved 17 August 2008.
- ^ "Malawi: Maláui, Malaui, Malauí, Malavi ou Malávi?". DicionarioeGramatica.com.br. Archived from the original on 17 August 2016. Retrieved 25 October 2015.
- ^ "Malawi Population (2021)". worldometers.info. Retrieved 31 January 2021.
- ^ "Hastings Kamuzu Banda | president of Malawi". Encyclopedia Britannica.
- ^ York, Geoffrey (20 May 2009). "The cult of Hastings Banda takes hold". The Globe and Mail.
- ^ McCracken, John (1 April 1998). "Democracy and Nationalism in Historical Perspective: The Case of Malawi". African Affairs. 97 (387): 231–249. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.afraf.a007927 – via academic.oup.com.
- ^ V-Dem Institute (2024). "The V-Dem Dataset". Retrieved 15 March 2024.