Global InformationPolistes apachus information
| Polistes apachus | |
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Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Hymenoptera |
| Family: | Vespidae |
| Subfamily: | Polistinae |
| Genus: | Polistes |
| Species: | P. apachus
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| Binomial name | |
| Polistes apachus Saussure, 1857
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| Synonyms[1] | |
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Polistes apachus is a social wasp native to western North America.[2] It is known in English by the common name Texas paper wasp,[3][4] or southwestern Texas paper wasp.[5] It has also been called the Apache wasp, perhaps first by Simmons et al. in California in 1948. Simmons et al. reported how in California P. apachus is often found in fig orchards where it is considered a pest species due to its aggressive attacks and painful stings on farm labourers during harvest time in September and October.[6][7][8] It may sometimes also be found in other types of orchards or in vineyards, but in California it is also commonly found to establish nests in or on houses in urban areas in attics or under the eaves of buildings.[9][10] It is a type of paper wasp, which is the common name for a type of wasp that uses a papery material to construct its nests.[11]
- ^ "Polistes apachus". Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Retrieved 15 October 2014.
- ^ Lester, L. J.; Selander, R. K. (1979). "Population Genetics of Haplodiploid Insects" (PDF). Genetics. 92 (4): 1329–1345. doi:10.1093/genetics/92.4.1329. PMC 1214074. PMID 17248955.
- ^ Entz, Chuck; Belov, V. (19 July 2017). "Species Polistes apachus - Texas Paper Wasp". BugGuide.Net. Department of Entomology, Iowa State University. Retrieved 17 January 2020.
- ^ "Texas Paper Wasp (Vespidae, Polistes apachus (Saussure))". Insects Unlocked. University of Texas at Austin. 2 August 2017. Retrieved 17 January 2020.
- ^ "Paper Wasp Description & Facts". PPC Pest Database. Progressive Pest Control. 2020. Retrieved 17 January 2020.
- ^ Bohart, Richard Mitchell; Bechtel, R. C. (1 March 1957). "The Social Wasps of California (Vespinae, Polistinae, Polibiinae)" (PDF). Bulletin of the California Insect Survey. 4 (3): 77–78, 91–94. Retrieved 16 January 2020.
- ^ Simmons, Perez; Fisher, Charles K.; Tyler, John G. (1 December 1948). "Notes on the Apache Wasp in California". Annals of the Entomological Society of America. 41 (4): 450–454. doi:10.1093/aesa/41.4.450. Retrieved 20 January 2020.
- ^ Krombein, Karl Vorse (1979). "Vespoidea". In Krombein, Karl V.; Hurd, Paul D. Jr.; Smith, David R.; Burks, B. D. (eds.). Catalog of Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico. Vol. 2. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press. p. 1512. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.5074.
- ^ Ebeling, Walter (1975). "Chapter 9, part 2: Pests Attacking Man and his Pets". Urban Entomology. Berkeley: Division of Agricultural Sciences, University of California (UC Riverside Entomology). ISBN 978-0931876196.
- ^ Gulmahamad, Hanif (3 August 2016). "Apache wasps are fierce fighters". Pest Management Professional. North Coast Media. Retrieved 19 January 2020.
- ^ "Paper Wasp - pictures, information, classification and more". Everything About. Microsoft Corporation. 2009. Retrieved 18 January 2020.