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Pliohippus information


Pliohippus
Temporal range: Barstovian-Hemphillian
~15.97–4.9 Ma
PreꞒ
O
S
D
C
P
T
J
K
Pg
N
Pliohippus pernix skull
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Perissodactyla
Family: Equidae
Subfamily: Equinae
Tribe: Equini
Genus: Pliohippus
Marsh, 1874
Species
  • P. castilli
  • P. fossulatus
  • P. mirabilis
  • P. nobilis
  • P. pernix
  • P. tantalus
  • P. tehonensis

Pliohippus (Greek πλείων (pleion, "more") and ἵππος (ippos, "horse"))[1] is an extinct genus of Equidae, the "horse family". Pliohippus arose in the middle Miocene, around 15 million years ago. The long and slim limbs of Pliohippus reveal a quick-footed steppe animal. While some specimens have one toe per leg, others have three (the main toe and two non-functional side toes).[2]

Until recently, because of its many anatomical similarities, Pliohippus was believed to be the ancestor of the present-day horse and its relatives in Equus. Although Pliohippus clearly is an equid and thus related to Equus, its skull had deep facial fossae, a feature not found in any member of Equus. Additionally, its teeth were strongly curved, unlike the very straight teeth of modern horses. Consequently, it is unlikely to be the ancestor of the modern horse; instead, it is likely to be the ancestor of Astrohippus.[3] Pliohippus stood approximately 1.25 metres, similar to the modern horse. Also like the modern horse, Pliohippus was a grazer that fed on steppe grasses of the North American plains it inhabited.

Fossils of Pliohippus have been found at many late Miocene localities in Colorado, the Great Plains (Nebraska, including Ashfall Fossil Beds[2] and the Dakotas) and also Canada. Pliohippus has been found beside Neohipparion.

  1. ^ "Evolution". Equestrian and Horse. Retrieved 15 December 2016.
  2. ^ a b Williams, Wendy (2015). The Horse. Toronto, Canada: Harper Collins. p. 118. ISBN 9781443417860.
  3. ^ MacFadden, B. J. (1984). "Astrohippus and Dinohippus". J. Vert. Paleon. 4(2):273-283.

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Pliohippus

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callused stubs. The long and slim limbs of Pliohippus reveal a quick-footed steppe animal. Until recently, Pliohippus was believed to be the ancestor of present-day...

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Equini

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South America extinct. c. 11,000 years ago Genus: † Onohippidium Genus: † Pliohippus Genus: † Protohippus "Paleobiology Database: Equini basic info". Archived...

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Equidae

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pectinatus †Equus crenidens Genus †Hippidion Genus †Onohippidium Genus †Pliohippus Although the plains and mountain zebras have been placed in Hippotigris...

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Dinohippus

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to Alberta and Panama (Alajuela Formation). Quinn originally referred "Pliohippus" mexicanus to Dinohippus, but unpublished cladistic results in an SVP...

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Astrohippus

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horses[dubious – discuss], with the most likely ancestor of Astrohippus being Pliohippus. The species Astrohippus ansae was originally described by W. D. Matthew...

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Ashfall Fossil Beds

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genera: Cormohipparion, Protohippus, Pseudhipparion, Neohipparion and Pliohippus three camelid genera: Procamelus, Aepycamelus and Protolabis three canid...

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Rattlesnake Formation

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extinct North American rhino Teleoceras fossiger, Indarctos oregonensis, Pliohippus spectans, Machairodus sp., Hemiauchenia vera, an extinct species of fox...

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Chalk Butte Formation

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Eucyon davisi Goniodontomys disjunctus Hypolagus vetus Peromyscus antiquus Pliohippus spectans Plionictis oregonensis Scapanus proceridens Dipoides sp. Spermophilus...

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Neoclassical compound

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chronobiology, cytokinesis, glossolalia, lalophobia, narcolepsy, osteoporosis, Pliohippus, sympathomimetic. In technical, semitechnical, and quasitechnical usage...

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Iron Canyon Site

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Gomphotherium Rhinocerotidae Peraceras Serbelodon S. burnhami Equidae Dinohippus Pliohippus P. tantalus Megahippus M. matthewi Amphicyonidae Ischyrocyon I. mohavensis...

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Hippidion Genus Hippotherium Genus Merychippus Genus Parahippus Genus Pliohippus Genus Scaphohippus Superfamily Rhinocerotoidea Family Amynodontidae (hippo-rhinos)...

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Goliad Formation

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Megatylopus primaevus Neohipparion affine Nothotylopus camptognathus Pliohippus pernix Procamelus grandis Procamelus occidentalis Prosthennops xiphidonticus...

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Punchbowl Formation

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Tayassuidae indet. Archaeohippus mourningi Parapliohippus cf. carrizoensis Pliohippus cf. tehonensis Scaphohippus intermontanus S. sumani Cormohipparion sp...

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List of the Cenozoic life of Kansas

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†Pliogyps fisheri – type locality for species †PliohippusPliohippus nobilis – type locality for species †Pliohippus pernix †Pliolemmus †Pliolemmus antiquus...

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Paleontology in Idaho

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This species is regarded as a transitional form between the primitive Pliohippus and the modern horse genus Equus. Late Pliocene life of Idaho that was...

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List of the Cenozoic life of Colorado

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†Plesiosorex coloradensis – type locality for species †Pleurolicus †PliohippusPliohippus mirabilis – type locality for species †Plionictis †Plionictis ogygia...

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List of the prehistoric life of Kansas

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form Plegadis – or unidentified comparable form †Pleiolama †Plesiogulo †Pliohippus †Pomoxis †Potamocypris †Pratifelis †Pratifelis martini – type locality...

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List of the Cenozoic life of Florida

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†Pliogyps †Pliogyps charon – type locality for species †PliohippusPliohippus mirabilis †Pliohippus pernix †Pliometanastes †Pliometanastes protistus – type...

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List of the prehistoric life of California

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†Plesiogulo Pleurofusia †Pleuroncodes †Pleuronichthys †Pliauchenia †Pliocyon †Pliohippus †Pliometanastes †Plionarctos †Pliopedia – type locality for genus †Pliopedia...

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List of the Cenozoic life of South Dakota

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†Pliauchenia †Pliauchenia magnifontis †Pliogale †Pliogale manka †PliohippusPliohippus pernix †Pliophenacomys †Pliophenacomys osborni – or unidentified...

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List of the Cenozoic life of Nebraska

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†Pliogeomys russelli – type locality for species †PliohippusPliohippus mirabilis †Pliohippus nobilis †Pliohippus pernix †Pliolemmus †Pliolemmus antiquus †Pliometanastes...

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2014 in paleomammalogy

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munirulhaqi. Pliohippus potosinus Sp. nov Valid Ferrusquía-Villafranca et al. Late Miocene  Mexico A member of Equidae, a species of Pliohippus. Rhinoceros...

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List of the Cenozoic life of Nevada

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furlongi – type locality for species †PliohippusPliohippus fairbanksi – or unidentified comparable form †Pliohippus spectans †Pliosaccomys †Pliosaccomys...

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Dove Spring Formation

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rhinoceros. Plioceros P. sp. Kern County, California. An antilocaprid. Pliohippus P. tantulus Kern County, California. An equid. P. tejonensis Kern County...

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List of the prehistoric life of Texas

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Pleurofusia Pleuromeris Pleuroploca †Pleurostoma Pleurotomella Plicatula †Pliohippus †Pliometanastes †Poabromylus Podomys †Poebrotherium Polinices Polydora...

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List of the prehistoric life of Oregon

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†Plesiocolopirus †Plesiogulo †Pliocyon – or unidentified comparable form †Pliohippus †Plionarctos Podiceps †Podiceps auritus – tentative report Podilymbus...

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List of the Cenozoic life of Texas

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†Pliciscala albitesta †Plinthicus †PliohippusPliohippus fossulatus †Pliohippus nobilis †Pliohippus pernix †Pliohippus spectans – tentative report †Pliometanastes...

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