For other uses, see Plato (disambiguation) and Platon (disambiguation).
Plato
Roman copy of a portrait bust c. 370 BC
Born
428/427 or 424/423 BC
Athens, Greece
Died
348 BC (aged c. 75-80)
Athens, Greece
Notable work
Euthyphro
Apology
Crito
Phaedo
Meno
Protagoras
Gorgias
Symposium
Phaedrus
Parmenides
Theaetetus
Republic
Timaeus
Laws
Era
Ancient Greek philosophy
School
Platonic Academy
Notable students
Aristotle
Main interests
Epistemology, Metaphysics
Political philosophy
Notable ideas
Allegory of the cave
Cardinal virtues
Form of the Good
Theory of forms
Divisions of the soul
Platonic love
Platonic solids
Plato (/ˈpleɪtoʊ/PLAY-toe;[1] Greek: Πλάτων), born Aristocles (Ἀριστοκλῆς; c. 427 – 348 BC), was an ancient Greek philosopher of the Classical period who is considered a foundational thinker in Western philosophy and an innovator of the written dialogue and dialectic forms. He raised problems for what became all the major areas of both theoretical philosophy and practical philosophy, and was the founder of the Platonic Academy, a philosophical school in Athens where Plato taught the doctrines that would later become known as Platonism.
Plato's most famous contribution is the theory of forms (or ideas), which has been interpreted as advancing a solution to what is now known as the problem of universals. He was decisively influenced by the pre-Socratic thinkers Pythagoras, Heraclitus, and Parmenides, although much of what is known about them is derived from Plato himself.[a]
Along with his teacher Socrates, and Aristotle, his student, Plato is a central figure in the history of philosophy.[b] Plato's entire body of work is believed to have survived intact for over 2,400 years—unlike that of nearly all of his contemporaries.[5] Although their popularity has fluctuated, they have consistently been read and studied through the ages.[6] Through Neoplatonism, he also greatly influenced both Christian and Islamic philosophy.[c] In modern times, Alfred North Whitehead famously said: "the safest general characterization of the European philosophical tradition is that it consists of a series of footnotes to Plato."[7]
^Jones 2006.
^Brickhouse & Smith.
^Kraut 2013
^Duignan, Brian. "Plato and Aristotle: How Do They Differ?". Britannica. Archived from the original on 17 December 2023. Plato (c. 428–c. 348 BCE) and Aristotle (384–322 BCE) are generally regarded as the two greatest figures of Western philosophy
^Cooper, John M.; Hutchinson, D.S., eds. (1997): "Introduction."
^Cooper 1997, p. vii.
^Whitehead 1978, p. 39.
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