"Plan D" redirects here. For the band, see Plan D (band). For the French WWII defense plan, see Dyle Plan.
Plan Dalet תוכנית ד' Tokhnit dalet
Part of the 1947–1948 civil war in Mandatory Palestine
Date
April–May 1948
Location
Mandatory Palestine
Plan Dalet (Hebrew: תוכנית ד', Tokhnit dalet "Plan D") was a Zionist military plan executed in the civil war phase of the 1948 Palestine war for the conquest of territory in Mandatory Palestine in preparation for the establishment of a Jewish state.[1] The plan was requested by the Jewish Agency leader and later first prime minister of Israel David Ben-Gurion, and developed by the Haganah and finalized on March 10, 1948. Historians describe Plan Dalet, in which Zionist forces shifted to an offensive strategy, as the beginning of a new phase in the 1948 Palestine war.[2][3]
The plan was a set of guidelines to take control of Mandatory Palestine, declare a Jewish state, and defend its borders and people, including the Jewish population outside of the borders, "before, and in anticipation of" the invasion by regular Arab armies.[4][5][qt 1][6][7][8] Plan Dalet specifically included gaining control of areas wherever Yishuv populations existed, including those outside the borders of the Jewish state.[9]
This strategy is subject to controversy, with some historians characterizing it as defensive, while others assert that it was an integral part of a planned strategy for the expulsion, sometimes called an ethnic cleansing, of the area's native inhabitants.[10]
^Khalidi, Walid (1 October 1988). "Plan Dalet: Master Plan for the Conquest of Palestine". Journal of Palestine Studies. 18 (1): 4–19. doi:10.2307/2537591. ISSN 0377-919X. JSTOR 2537591. 'Plan Dalet' or 'Plan D' was the name given by the Zionist High Command to the general plan for military operations within the framework of which the Zionists launched successive offensives in April and early May 1948 in various parts of Palestine. These offensives, which entailed the destruction of the Palestinian Arab community and the expulsion and pauperization of the bulk of the Palestine Arabs, were calculated to achieve the military fait accompli upon which the state of Israel was to be based.
^Cite error: The named reference :3 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Cite error: The named reference :1 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^David Tal (2004). War in Palestine, 1948: strategy and diplomacy. Psychology Press. pp. 165–. ISBN 9780203499542.
^Benny Morris. The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem Revisited, Benny Morris, Cambridge University Press, pg 155.
^MidEast Web, Plan Daleth (Plan D)
^Yoav Gelber (January 2006). Palestine, 1948: war, escape and the emergence of the Palestinian refugee problem. Sussex Academic Press. pp. 98–. ISBN 978-1-84519-075-0. Retrieved 14 April 2011.
^Ten years of research into the 1947-49 war - The expulsion of the Palestinians re-examined. By Dominique Vidal. Le Monde diplomatique. December 1997.
^Robbie Sabel, [’https://www.google.com/books/edition/International_Law_and_the_Arab_Israeli_C/f_xpEAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbp International Law and the Arab-Israeli Conflict,] Cambridge University Press ISBN 978-1-108-80798-2 2022 p.131:'The objective of this plan is to gain control of the areas of the Hebrew state and defend its borders. It also aims at gaining control of the areas of Jewish settlement and concentration which are located outside the borders (of the Jewish state in the Partition Plan) against regular, semi-regular, and small forces operating from bases outside or inside the state.’ .'
^Morris 2008 "The essence of the plan was the clearing of hostile and potentially hostile forces out of the interior of the territory of the prospective Jewish State, establishing territorial continuity between the major concentrations of Jewish population and securing the future State's borders before, and in anticipation of, the invasion [by Arab states]."
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PlanDalet (Hebrew: תוכנית ד', Tokhnit dalet "Plan D") was a Zionist military plan executed in the civil war phase of the 1948 Palestine war for the conquest...
Ilan Pappé and Walid Khalidi consider the attack to have been a part of PlanDalet, which Pappé calls "a blueprint for ethnic cleansing". In The Ethnic Cleansing...
Zionist offensive dubbed PlanDalet in the spring of 1948."; Masalha 2012, pp. 71–72, "First, there was PlanDalet. This Haganah plan, a straightforward document...
civil war phase, Zionist forces executed PlanDalet, an offensive operation conquering territory for the planned establishment of a Jewish state. The second...
years prior to the exodus. In 1961, Khalidi argued that PlanDalet, the Zionists' military plan executed in April and May 1948, aimed at expelling the...
The United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine was a proposal by the United Nations, which recommended a partition of Mandatory Palestine at the end of...
development of a plan detailing how enemy population centers should be handled.: 82 According to Pappé, planDalet was the master plan for the expulsion...
state in the 1947 United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine. It had a population of 1,500. As part of PlanDalet, formulated in March 1948, ahead of the...
had already been suggested by historians Walid Khalidi in PlanDalet: The Zionist Master Plan for the Conquest of Palestine (1961) and Nur Masalha in Expulsion...
Background Mandatory Palestine 1947 partition plan 1948 Palestine war Civil war in Palestine PlanDalet Deir Yassin massacre Battle of Haifa Israeli Declaration...
government of Israel was not culpable insofar it did not have a "master plan" of expulsion, while not incorporating subsequent decisions and policies...
ordered Yigal Yadin to plan in preparation for the announced intervention of the Arab states. The result of his analysis was PlanDalet, which was put in place...
From 13–18 May 1948 Jewish forces from the Haganah and Irgun executed Operation Kilshon ("Pitchfork"). Its aim was to capture the Jewish suburbs of Jerusalem...
Haganah during the 1947–1948 civil war in Mandatory Palestine and part of PlanDalet. Its objective was to open the Tel Aviv – Jerusalem road blockaded by...
"PlanDalet: Master Plan for the Conquest of Palestine", Middle East Forum, Vol. 37, p. 11, accessed 23 November 2010. Khalidi, Walid (1988). "Plan Dalet...
destroyed, and their inhabitants expelled" Khalidi, W. (1988). "PlanDalet: master plan for the conquest of Palestine". Journal of Palestine Studies. 18...
“psychological warfare tactics” would be used in ruthless ways so that the PlanDalet could be carried out against unarmed civilians who needed to be moved...
to those Arabs who continue to reside in its borders. The 1947 Partition Plan determined citizenship based on residency, such that Arabs and Jews residing...
into Israel. But this plan was not designed as a panacea for the refugee crisis. Rather, it was to "form a part of a general plan for resettlement of refugees...
Yadin the responsibility to plan for the announced intervention of the Arab states. The result of his analysis was PlanDalet, in which Haganah passed from...
manpower and in arms The official version said that the Arabs had a coordinated plan to destroy Israel; the New Historians said that the Arabs were divided The...
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