Placebo analgesia occurs when the administration of placebos leads to pain relief. Because placebos by definition lack active ingredients, the effect of placebo analgesia is considered to result from the patient's belief that they are receiving an analgesic drug or other medical intervention. It has been shown that, in some cases, the endogenous opioid system is critical for mediating placebo analgesia, as evidenced by the ability of such analgesia to be reduced by the opioid antagonist naloxone.[1][2] However, it is also possible for placebo analgesia to be mediated by non-opioid mechanisms, in which case it would not be affected by naloxone.[3] Other research has indicated that the human spinal cord,[4] prefrontal cortex,[5] and rostral anterior cingulate cortex[6] also play a role in placebo analgesia.
^Eippert F, Bingel U, Schoell ED, Yacubian J, Klinger R, Lorenz J, Büchel C (August 2009). "Activation of the opioidergic descending pain control system underlies placebo analgesia". Neuron. 63 (4): 533–43. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2009.07.014. PMID 19709634. S2CID 2828147.
^Levine JD, Gordon NC, Fields HL (September 1978). "The mechanism of placebo analgesia". Lancet. 2 (8091): 654–7. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(78)92762-9. PMID 80579. S2CID 45403755.
^Benedetti F, Mayberg HS, Wager TD, Stohler CS, Zubieta JK (November 2005). "Neurobiological mechanisms of the placebo effect". The Journal of Neuroscience. 25 (45): 10390–402. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3458-05.2005. PMC 6725834. PMID 16280578.
^Eippert F, Finsterbusch J, Bingel U, Büchel C (October 2009). "Direct evidence for spinal cord involvement in placebo analgesia". Science. 326 (5951): 404. Bibcode:2009Sci...326..404E. doi:10.1126/science.1180142. hdl:11858/00-001M-0000-002E-89B9-7. PMID 19833962. S2CID 206522822.
Placeboanalgesia occurs when the administration of placebos leads to pain relief. Because placebos by definition lack active ingredients, the effect...
associated with lack of blinding". One way in which the magnitude of placeboanalgesia can be measured is by conducting "open/hidden" studies, in which some...
same inert agents can produce analgesia and hyperalgesia, the first of which, from this definition, would be a placebo, and the second a nocebo. A second...
oral analgesia. In a 2018 Cochrane review of studies which compared epidural analgesia with oral opioids, some advantages of epidural analgesia versus...
hyperalgesia. While positive expectations can reduce pain through placeboanalgesia. Most new mothers may experience mild feelings of unhappiness and...
Benedetti, Fabrizio (May 2011). "Ask the Experts: Is there a place for placeboanalgesia in everyday clinical practice?". Pain Management. 1 (3): 211–212....
distinction. More recently, he could show using the phenomenon of placeboanalgesia that empathy for pain is grounded in self-experienced pain More recently...
Benedetti F, Amanzio M, Maggi G (November 1995). "Potentiation of placeboanalgesia by proglumide". Lancet. 346 (8984): 1231. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(95)92938-X...
temporarily reduce, and in some instances eliminate, sensation, although analgesia and anesthesia are neurophysiologically overlapping and thus various drugs...
Burnett I; et al. (2006). "Onset of analgesia of a paracetamol tablet containing sodium bicarbonate: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study in adult patients...
combination with, for example, ketamine, since guaifenesin does not provide analgesia or produce unconsciousness. "Guaifenesin Definition & Meaning". Merriam-Webster...
aspect of medicine and health care involving relief of pain (pain relief, analgesia, pain control) in various dimensions, from acute and simple to chronic...
Part I. Safety, efficacy, and basic pharmacokinetics". Anesthesia and Analgesia. 115 (2): 274–283. doi:10.1213/ANE.0b013e31823f0c28. PMID 22190555. S2CID 21457057...
inhibits the Na/K-ATPase of cell membranes. Methylene blue has been used as a placebo; physicians would tell their patients to expect their urine to change color...
morphine. Pain reducing effects last approximately six hours. The potency of analgesia varies considerably as it depends on an individual's genetics. People...
greater intensities, regardless of frequency, producing the greatest analgesia. While the use of TENS has proved effective in clinical studies, there...
sugammadex concluded that "sugammadex was shown to be more effective than placebo (no medication) or neostigmine in reversing muscle relaxation caused by...
lesser role in processing fear (a form of aversion), impulsivity, and the placebo effect. It is involved in the encoding of new motor programs as well. The...
"Gabapentin as part of multi-modal analgesia in two cats suffering multiple injuries". Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia. 38 (5): 518–520. doi:10.1111/j...
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