Place attachment is the emotional bond between person and place,[1] and one way of describing the relationship between people and spatial settings.[2] It is highly influenced by an individual and his or her personal experiences.[3] There is a considerable amount of research dedicated to defining what makes a place "meaningful" enough for place attachment to occur.[3] Schroeder (1991) notably discussed the difference between "meaning" and "preference," defining meaning as "the thoughts, feelings, memories and interpretations evoked by a landscape" and preference as "the degree of liking for one landscape compared to another."[4]
Place attachment is one aspect of a more complex and multidimensional "sense of place" [5] and cannot be explained simply through a cause and effect relationship. Instead, it depends on a reciprocal relationship between behavior and experiences.[6] Due to numerous varying opinions on the definition and components of place attachment, organizational models have been scarce until recent years.[3] A noteworthy conceptual framework is the Tripartite Model, developed by Scannell and Gifford (2010), which defines the variables of place attachment as the three P’s: Person, Process, and Place.[3]
When describing place attachment, scholars differentiate between a "rootedness" and a "sense of place". Sense of place attachment arises as the result of cultivation of meaning and artifacts associated with created places.[7] Due to constant migration over the past few centuries, many Americans are thought to lack this type of place attachment, as they have not stayed in a place long enough to develop storied roots.[7] Rootedness, on the other hand, is an unconscious attachment to a place due to familiarity achieved through continuous residence––perhaps that of a familial lineage that has known this place in the years before the current resident.[7]
Little is known about the neurological changes that make place attachment possible because of the exaggerated focus on social aspects by environmental psychologists, the difficulties in measuring place attachment over time, and the heavy influence of individualistic experiences and emotions on the degree of attachment.[8]
More recently, place attachment is being seen within the grieving and solastalgia linked with climate change induced emotional experiences. Research suggests that engaging with these emotions allows for their inherent adaptiveness to be explored. When emotional experiences linked to place attachment are explored and processed collectively, this leads to a sense of solidarity, connection, and community engagement.[9]
^Cite error: The named reference Florek was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Jorgensen, Bradley; Stedman, Richard (2001). "Sense of Place as an attitude: Lakeshore owners' attitudes toward their properties". Journal of Environmental Psychology. 21 (3): 233–248. doi:10.1006/jevp.2001.0226 – via Elsevier Science Direct.
^ abcdLewicka, Maria (2011). "Place attachment: How far have we come in the last 40 years?". Journal of Environmental Psychology. 31 (3): 207–230. doi:10.1016/j.jenvp.2010.10.001.
^Schroeder, HW (September 1991). "Preference and meaning of arboretum landscapes: Combining quantitative and qualitative data". Journal of Environmental Psychology. 11 (3): 231–248. doi:10.1016/S0272-4944(05)80185-9.
^Jorgensen, Bradley; Stedman, Richard (2006). "A comparative analysis of predictors of sense of place dimensions: Attachment to, dependence on, and identification with lakeshore properties". Journal of Environmental Management. 79 (3): 316–327. doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2005.08.00.
^Cite error: The named reference Rollero was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ abcGiuliani, Maria Vittoria (2016). Psychological Theories for Environmental Issues. New York: Ashgate Publishing. pp. 137–169. ISBN 978-1138277427.
^Cite error: The named reference Morgan, attachment theory was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Kieft, J.; Bendell, J (2021). "The responsibility of communicating difficult truths about climate influenced societal disruption and collapse: an introduction to psychological research". Institute for Leadership and Sustainability (IFLAS) Occasional Papers. 7: 1–39.
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