The Pinarus River (Greek: Πίναρος) is a small stream in southern Anatolia near today's Turkey—Syria border. It was famous in antiquity as the site of the First Battle of Issus, where Alexander the Great defeated Darius III of Persia.
Ancient sources describe it as being near a small coastal village or town which straddled the stream. The river was said to run red with blood after Alexander the Great, leading his elite Companion cavalry turned the right flank of the Persians, smashed the center, and routed the Persian forces personally led by Darius III of Persia, who subsequently fled the field in a panic.
Speculation on the location of the Pinarus has been raging for over 80 years. It was formerly believed it to be the Deli Çay, but the distances measured by Alexander's bematists and observations of the local topography, as compared to ancient descriptions, indicate that the Pinarus is actually the Payas River.[1]
The Issos River at approx. 36.30 east by 36.60 north is the geographical point that the battle is named after. The river starts in the hills and flows approx. 40 miles (64 km) due west to the coast.
^Nicholas G. L. Hammond, "Alexander's Charge at the Battle of Issus in 333 B.C.", Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte41:4:395-406 (1992) JSTOR 4436258
The PinarusRiver (Greek: Πίναρος) is a small stream in southern Anatolia near today's Turkey—Syria border. It was famous in antiquity as the site of...
countermarch, and the stage was set for the battle near the mouth of the PinarusRiver and the town of Issus. The battle took place south of the ancient town...
the Great acquired the river valley after the defeat of the Persians in 333 BCE at the Battle of Issus (fought on the Pinarusriver near modern İskenderun...
Cales (river), modern Alaplı Su Hyllus (river) Lycus (river of Bithynia) Lycus (river of Cilicia) Lycus (river of Lydia) River Meles PinarusRiver Kızılırmak...
The Payas River, in southern Anatolia near today's Turkey—Syria border, is believed to be the PinarusRiver of antiquity, where Alexander the Great defeated...
mouth of the PinarusRiver and south of the village of Issus. Darius was apparently unaware that, by deciding to stage the battle on a river bank, he was...
learned of the Persian position. He immediately retraced his route to the PinarusRiver, just south of Issus, to find Darius' force assembled along the northern...
(Mezetlu, west of Mersin, Turkey)―Cilicia Nov 333 Battle of Issus, PinarusRiver (Payas River, near Dörtyol, Turkey)―Cilicia Nov 333 Alexandretta or Alexandria...
(Pontus Euxinus) near Heraclea Pontica Lycus (river of Cilicia), flows from the Pyramus to the Pinarus Lycus, now known as Kouris, in Cyprus that flows...
daughter of Ogygus, on silver Sibros beside the whirling river. The couple had four sons: Tloos, Pinarus, Cragus and Xanthus. In one account, all sons were...
been previously named Tremile) and had by him four sons: Tlos, Xanthus, Pinarus and Cragus. In one account, all sons were mentioned except Xanthus to be...
(2000). Fishes: An Introduction to Ichthyology, 4a. edició, Upper Saddle River, Nova Jersey: Prentice-Hall. Nelson, J.S., E.J. Crossman, H. Espinosa-Pérez...
Another source, Panyassis, also mentions an eponymous founder by name Pinarus, son of Tremiles or Termilus, and this account is viewed by some sources...
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