Pilonidal disease is a type of skin infection which typically occurs as a cyst between the cheeks of the buttocks and often at the upper end.[1][3] Symptoms may include pain, swelling, and redness.[1] There may also be drainage of fluid, but rarely a fever.[1][2]
Risk factors include obesity, family history, prolonged sitting, greater amounts of hair, and not enough exercise.[2] The underlying mechanism is believed to involve a mechanical process where hair and skin debris get sucked into the subcutaneous tissues through skin openings called pits.[2] Diagnosis is based on symptoms and examination.[2]
If there is infection, treatment is generally by incision and drainage just off the midline.[1][2] Shaving the area and laser hair removal may prevent recurrence.[1][4] More extensive surgery may be required if the disease recurs.[1] Antibiotics are usually not needed.[2] Without treatment the condition may remain long term.[1]
About 3 per 10,000 people per year are affected, and it occurs more often in males than females.[2] Young adults are most commonly affected.[2] The term pilonidal means 'nest of hair'.[1] The condition was first described in 1833.[1]
^ abcdefghijkKhanna A, Rombeau JL (March 2011). "Pilonidal disease". Clinics in Colon and Rectal Surgery. 24 (1): 46–53. doi:10.1055/s-0031-1272823. PMC 3140333. PMID 22379405.
^ abcdefghijklmnFerri FF (2017). Ferri's Clinical Advisor 2018 E-Book: 5 Books in 1. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 995. ISBN 9780323529570. Archived from the original on 2023-01-14. Retrieved 2020-09-20.
^James WD, Berger T, Elston D (2015). Andrews' Diseases of the Skin E-Book: Clinical Dermatology. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 675. ISBN 9780323319690. Archived from the original on 2023-01-14. Retrieved 2020-09-20.
^"Pilonidal Cyst Laser Hair Removal". Cure Pilonidal Cyst. Archived from the original on 2022-07-06. Retrieved 2021-08-23.
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between vessels or organs that do not usually connect. It can be due to a disease or trauma, or purposely surgically created. Various types of fistulas include:...
A sacral dimple (also termed pilonidal dimple or spinal dimple) is a small depression in the skin, located just above the buttocks. The name comes from...
wounds to reduce postoperative pain. It can also be used to treat pilonidal sinus disease but it is of unclear benefit as of 2017, due to insufficient research...
by nail plate depression and grooves) Pilar cyst (cyst of the scalp) Pilonidal cyst (skin infection near tailbone) Sebaceous cyst – sac below skin Trichilemmal...
difficult to distinguish from a pilonidal cyst. This is partly because both can be full of hair. A pilonidal cyst is a pilonidal sinus that is obstructed. Any...
fissures, pilonidal sinus disease, and retroperitoneal lipoma. Abdulwahid Mohammed is a general surgeon in thyroid, breast, head, and neck diseases. He holds...
hidradenitis suppurativa, and pilonidal cysts, the syndrome is referred to as the follicular occlusion triad or tetrad. Lyme disease can be misdiagnosed as cellulitis...
rectal surgery, an episiotomy, uterine cramps, inflammatory bowel disease, pilonidal cysts and infections of the bladder, prostate or vagina. It works...
and meningitis. It is also occasionally isolated in the microbiome of pilonidal sinuses Kocuria rosea is known to cause infection in immunocompromised...
devices, including a Surgical sealant film, TissuePatch. In fistulas and pilonidal sinuses it is used to identify the tract for complete excision.[citation...
and subcutaneous abscesses, breast abscess, decubitus ulcers, infected pilonidal cyst or sinus, Meleney's ulcer infected diabetic (vascular or trophic)...
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resection. In older children and adults, the tumor may be mistaken for a pilonidal sinus, or it may be found during a rectal exam or other evaluation. During...
characterized by clusters of abscesses, epidermoid cysts, sebaceous cysts, pilonidal cysts. There is no single effective treatment for HS. The recommended...
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