Royal inscribed board, saying Huitong Tianxia (匯通天下, "Financial exchange all over the world"), in Rishengchang, Pingyao.
Piaohao (Traditional Chinese: 票號, literally 'draft banks'), also known as piaozhuang (票莊), huihao (匯號), or huiduizhuang (匯兌莊), in Mandarin Chinese, or Shanxi banks (山西票號) or Shansi banks in English, were a type of bank that existed in China during the Qing dynasty until approximately 1952.
The piaohao were started by merchants from the province of Shanxi who were often originally engaged in other businesses before they entered finance. The piaohao were mostly active in northern China while the qianzhuang were mostly active in the south. The piaohao continued to be the dominant financial institutions of China until 1900 when more modern commercial banks started being created by both the imperial and provincial governments, and the qianzhuang benefitted more from their close ties with foreign banks operating in Chinese treaty ports. During their heyday the piaohao had over 400 branches operating across the territory of the Qing dynasty and branches in other countries like Japan, Korea, Russia, India, and Singapore.
After 1912 practically all piaohao either closed or were transformed into more modern types of banks. They continued to exist during both the early Republic of China and the People's Republic of China until they were all finally nationalized alongside the qianzhuang and the rest of the Chinese financial industry in 1952.
Piaohao (Traditional Chinese: 票號, literally 'draft banks'), also known as piaozhuang (票莊), huihao (匯號), or huiduizhuang (匯兌莊), in Mandarin Chinese, or...
banking institutions are piaohao and qianzhuang. The first nationwide private financial system, so-called "draft banks" or piaohao (simplified Chinese: 票号;...
networks headquartered in Shanxi province called the "Shanxi banks" (票號, piaohao). Also known by a variety of regional names, such as qiansi (錢肆), qianpu...
merchants also operated an early Chinese type of draft bank known as the piaohao; these were the dominant form of banks in China until the fall of the Qing...
Sichuan. The two major types of indigenous Chinese financial institutions, piàohào (票號) and qiánzhuāng (錢莊), more often cooperated than competed in China's...
The Rishengchang Piaohao (simplified Chinese: 日升昌票号; traditional Chinese: 日升昌票號; pinyin: Rì shēng chāng piào hào), was the first draft bank in China....
draft banks, or Piaohao, boosted the central Shanxi basin to become the financial center of Qing China. Even though most of these Piaohao were based in...
During the late Qing dynasty, a new development occurred: the creation of piaohao (票號), which were essentially banks that provided services like money transfers...
activity that would ultimately need banks, these banks would become the piaohao. An imperial government salt monopoly persisted, with only a few minor...
international trade of tea to Russia and the development of draft banks, or "Piaohao", which secured Shanxi as the financial center in the Qing dynasty. Pingyao...
traditional Chinese credit institutes were local qianzhuang banks, yinhao banks, piaohao banks, and pawnshops, of which a considerably number was always to be found...
Banks of the Qing dynasty Banking in the Qing dynasty Government banks Piaohao ("Shanxi banks") Rishengchang Qianzhuang Commercial banks Imperial Bank...
1958, p. 582. Shanxi Provincial Academy of Social Sciences, ed., Shanxi piaohao shiliao (山西票号史料) (Taiyuan: Shanxi jingji chubanshe, 1992), pp. 36-39. Vissering...
1958, p. 582. Shanxi Provincial Academy of Social Sciences, ed., Shanxi piaohao shiliao (山西票号史料) (Taiyuan: Shanxi jingji chubanshe, 1992), pp. 36–39. Vissering...
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