Subdivision of the Neogene according to the ICS, as of 2021.[3] Vertical axis: millions of years ago.
Formerly part of
Tertiary Period/System
Etymology
Name formality
Formal
Usage information
Celestial body
Earth
Regional usage
Global (ICS)
Time scale(s) used
ICS Time Scale
Definition
Chronological unit
Age
Stratigraphic unit
Stage
Time span formality
Formal
Lower boundary definition
Base of Gauss/Gilbert (C2An/C2Ar) magnetic reversal
Lower boundary GSSP
Punta Piccola Section, Porto Empedocle, Sicily, Italy 37°17′20″N13°29′36″E / 37.2889°N 13.4933°E / 37.2889; 13.4933
Lower GSSP ratified
January 1997[4]
Upper boundary definition
Base of magnetic polarity chronozone C2r (Matuyama)
Extinction of the Haptophytes Discoaster pentaradiatus and Discoaster surculus
Upper boundary GSSP
Monte San Nicola Section, Gela, Sicily, Italy 37°08′49″N14°12′13″E / 37.1469°N 14.2035°E / 37.1469; 14.2035
Upper GSSP ratified
1996 (as base of Gelasian)[5]
The Piacenzian is in the international geologic time scale the upper stage or latest age of the Pliocene. It spans the time between 3.6 ± 0.005 Ma and 2.588 ± 0.005 Ma (million years ago). The Piacenzian is after the Zanclean and is followed by the Gelasian (part of the Pleistocene).
The Piacenzian is roughly coeval with the European land mammal age MN 16, overlaps the late Chapadmalalan and early Uquian South American land mammal age and falls inside the more extensive Blancan North American land mammal age. It also correlates with the Astian, Redonian, Reuverian and Romanian regional stages of Europe, and the Waipipian and Mangapanian stages of New Zealand. Some authorities describe the British Red Crag Formation and Waltonian Stage as late Piacenzian,[6][7] while others regard them as early Pleistocene.[8][9]
Carbon dioxide levels during the Piacenzian were similar to those of today, making this age, with global mean temperature 2–3 °C higher and sea levels about twenty meters higher than today, an important analogue for predictions of the future of our world.[10]
^Krijgsman, W.; Garcés, M.; Langereis, C. G.; Daams, R.; Van Dam, J.; Van Der Meulen, A. J.; Agustí, J.; Cabrera, L. (1996). "A new chronology for the middle to late Miocene continental record in Spain". Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 142 (3–4): 367–380. Bibcode:1996E&PSL.142..367K. doi:10.1016/0012-821X(96)00109-4.
^Retallack, G. J. (1997). "Neogene Expansion of the North American Prairie". PALAIOS. 12 (4): 380–390. doi:10.2307/3515337. JSTOR 3515337. Retrieved 2008-02-11.
^Castradori, D.; D. Rio; F. J. Hilgen; L. J. Lourens (1998). "The Global Standard Stratotype-section and Point (GSSP) of the Piacenzian Stage (Middle Pliocene)" (PDF). Episodes. 21 (2): 88–93. doi:10.18814/epiiugs/1998/v21i2/003. Retrieved 26 December 2020.
^Rio, Domenico; R. Sprovieri; D. Castradori; E. Di Stefano (1998). "The Gelasian Stage (Upper Pliocene): A new unit of the global standard chronostratigraphic scale". Episodes. 21 (2): 82–87. doi:10.18814/epiiugs/1998/v21i2/002.
^"Red Crag Formation". British Geological Survey. Retrieved 5 August 2016.
^"Global Chronostratigraphical Correlation Table for the Last 2.7 Million Years. v.2011". University of Cambridge. Retrieved 5 August 2016.
^"The Naze citation" (PDF). Sites of Special Scientific Interest. Natural England. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 5 August 2016.
^Allaby, Michael (2013). Oxford Dictionary of Geology & Earth Sciences (4th ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 626. ISBN 978-0-19-96530 6-5.
^de la Vega, E.; Chalk, T. B.; Wilson, P. A.; Bysani, R. P.; Foster, G. L. (2020). "Atmospheric CO2 during the Mid-Piacenzian Warm Period and the M2 glaciation". Scientific Reports. 10 (1): 11002. Bibcode:2020NatSR..1011002D. doi:10.1038/s41598-020-67154-8. PMC 7347535. PMID 32647351.
The Piacenzian is in the international geologic time scale the upper stage or latest age of the Pliocene. It spans the time between 3.6 ± 0.005 Ma and...
preceded by the Messinian Age of the Miocene Epoch, and followed by the Piacenzian Age. The Zanclean can be correlated with regionally used stages, such...
1967 (Piacenzian to the Gelasian stages of western United States and Mexico) Genus Podiceps Latham 1787 †Podiceps arndti Chandler, 1990 (Piacenzian stage...
The Middle Pliocene Warm Period (mPWP), also known as the Mid-Piacenzian Warm Period or the Pliocene Thermal Maximum, was an interval of warm climate during...
stages. From youngest to oldest they are: Piacenzian (3.600–2.58 Ma) Zanclean (5.333–3.600 Ma) The Piacenzian is sometimes referred to as the Late Pliocene...
recent) to lower (earlier): The Pliocene Epoch is subdivided into two ages: Piacenzian Age, preceded by Zanclean Age The Miocene Epoch is subdivided into six...
confidently placed from the Miocene-Pliocene boundary through the Zanclean and Piacenzian and just into the Gelasian, that is from 2.4 to 5.3 Mya, when the malar-striped...
This article contains Ethiopic text. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Ethiopic characters...
4072/rbp.2018.2.01. Marco Spadi; Elsa Gliozzi; Maria Chiara Medici (2018). "Piacenzian–Gelasian non-marine ostracods from the Dunarobba Fossil Forest (Tiberino...
and most yellow-bellied forms, all of which took place during the late Piacenzian (early Late Pliocene), c. 3 mya. Three species are poly- or paraphyletic...
the Pleistocene (the Gelasian), and fall into the late Pliocene (the Piacenzian). The early members of the genus Homo produced primitive tools, summarized...
of the Pleistocene megafauna and Homo habilis. 2.58 * Neogene Pliocene Piacenzian Greenland ice sheet develops as the cold slowly intensifies towards the...
to have diverged from the black redstart group about 3 mya, during the Piacenzian. Genetically, common and black redstarts are still fairly compatible and...
time between 2.58 Ma (million years ago) and 1.80 Ma. It follows the Piacenzian Stage (part of the Pliocene) and is followed by the Calabrian Stage. The...
Cetotheriophanes is an extinct rorqual from the late Pliocene (Piacenzian) of northern Italy. Cetotheriophanes was originally described as a subgenus of...
Aquitanian Burdigalian Langhian Serravallian Tortonian Messinian Zanclean Piacenzian Subdivision of the Neogene according to the ICS, as of 2021. Vertical...
whale from the Pliocene of Italy. The type specimen was found in the Piacenzian coastal claystone at Volterra. It was named in 1987 by G. Pilleri. "Globicephala...
which peaked dramatically around 2.6 million years (Ma) ago during the Piacenzian age. 2010 Haiti earthquake Central America Volcanic Arc Gonâve Microplate...
Paranthropus Temporal range: Piacenzian–Chibanian, 2.9–1.2 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N ↓ Skull of P. boisei (MGL 95211) Scientific classification Domain:...
The Andean condor (Vultur gryphus) is a South American New World vulture and is the only member of the genus Vultur. It is found in the Andes mountains...
seal in the family Phocidae. This genus is known from late Pliocene (Piacenzian) marine deposits in northern Italy. Numerous disassociated monachine remains...
of Florida. Fossils of the species have been found dating back to the Piacenzian, in the Tamiami formation. It has been introduced to Hawaii and lives...
Condor is the common name for two species of New World vultures, each in a monotypic genus. The name derives from the Quechua kuntur. They are the largest...
European mantis Temporal range: Piacenzian – Recent Adult female, Romania Conservation status Least Concern (IUCN 3.1) Scientific classification Domain:...
formation of the Isthmus of Panama, around 3 million years ago in the Piacenzian age. In this exchange, a small number of species such as the New World...
Global Information