Base of magnetic polarity chronozone C2r (Matuyama).
Extinction of the Haptophytes Discoaster pentaradiatus and Discoaster surculus
Upper boundary GSSP
Monte San Nicola Section, Gela, Sicily, Italy 37°08′49″N14°12′13″E / 37.1469°N 14.2035°E / 37.1469; 14.2035
Upper GSSP ratified
2009 (as base of Quaternary and Pleistocene)[5]
Atmospheric and climatic data
Mean atmospheric O2 content
c. 21.5 vol % (108 % of modern)
Mean atmospheric CO2 content
c. 280 ppm (1 times pre-industrial)
Mean surface temperature
c. 14 °C (0 °C above modern)
The Neogene (/ˈniː.ədʒiːn/NEE-ə-jeen,[6][7]) is a geologic period and system that spans 20.45 million years from the end of the Paleogene Period 23.03 million years ago (Mya) to the beginning of the present Quaternary Period 2.58 million years ago. The Neogene is sub-divided into two epochs, the earlier Miocene and the later Pliocene. Some geologists assert that the Neogene cannot be clearly delineated from the modern geological period, the Quaternary.[8] The term "Neogene" was coined in 1853 by the Austrian palaeontologist Moritz Hörnes (1815–1868).[9] The earlier term Tertiary Period was used to define the span of time now covered by Paleogene and Neogene and, despite no longer being recognized as a formal stratigraphic term, "Tertiary" still sometimes remains in informal use.[10]
During this period, mammals and birds continued to evolve into modern forms, while other groups of life remained relatively unchanged. The first humans (Homo habilis) appeared in Africa near the end of the period.[11] Some continental movements took place, the most significant event being the connection of North and South America at the Isthmus of Panama, late in the Pliocene. This cut off the warm ocean currents from the Pacific to the Atlantic Ocean, leaving only the Gulf Stream to transfer heat to the Arctic Ocean. The global climate cooled considerably throughout the Neogene, culminating in a series of continental glaciations in the Quaternary Period that follows.
^Krijgsman, W.; Garcés, M.; Langereis, C. G.; Daams, R.; Van Dam, J.; Van Der Meulen, A. J.; Agustí, J.; Cabrera, L. (1996). "A new chronology for the middle to late Miocene continental record in Spain". Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 142 (3–4): 367–380. Bibcode:1996E&PSL.142..367K. doi:10.1016/0012-821X(96)00109-4.
^Retallack, G. J. (1997). "Neogene Expansion of the North American Prairie". PALAIOS. 12 (4): 380–390. doi:10.2307/3515337. JSTOR 3515337. Retrieved 2008-02-11.
^Steininger, Fritz F.; M. P. Aubry; W. A. Berggren; M. Biolzi; A. M. Borsetti; Julie E. Cartlidge; F. Cati; R. Corfield; R. Gelati; S. Iaccarino; C. Napoleone; F. Ottner; F. Rögl; R. Roetzel; S. Spezzaferri; F. Tateo; G. Villa; D. Zevenboom (1997). "The Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) for the base of the Neogene" (PDF). Episodes. 20 (1): 23–28. doi:10.18814/epiiugs/1997/v20i1/005.
^Gibbard, Philip; Head, Martin (September 2010). "The newly-ratified definition of the Quaternary System/Period and redefinition of the Pleistocene Series/Epoch, and comparison of proposals advanced prior to formal ratification" (PDF). Episodes. 33 (3): 152–158. doi:10.18814/epiiugs/2010/v33i3/002. Retrieved 8 December 2020.
^Cite error: The named reference tucker-2001 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Hörnes, M. (1853). "Mittheilungen an Professor Bronn gerichtet" [Reports addressed to Professor Bronn]. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geognosie, Geologie und Petrefaktenkunde (in German): 806–810. hdl:2027/hvd.32044106271273. From p. 806: "Das häufige Vorkommen der Wiener Mollusken … im trennenden Gegensatze zu den eocänen zusammenzufassen." (The frequent occurrence of Viennese mollusks in typical Miocene as well as in typical Pliocene deposits motivated me – in order to avoid the perpetual monotony [of providing] details about the deposits – to subsume both deposits provisionally under the name "Neogene" (νεος new and γιγνομαι to arise) in distinguishing contrast to the Eocene.)
^"GeoWhen Database – What Happened to the Tertiary?". www.stratigraphy.org.
^Spoor, Fred; Gunz, Philipp; Neubauer, Simon; Stelzer, Stefanie; Scott, Nadia; Kwekason, Amandus; Dean, M. Christopher (March 2015). "Reconstructed Homo habilis type OH 7 suggests deep-rooted species diversity in early Homo". Nature. 519 (7541): 83–86. Bibcode:2015Natur.519...83S. doi:10.1038/nature14224. PMID 25739632. S2CID 4470282.
The Neogene (/ˈniː.ədʒiːn/ NEE-ə-jeen,) is a geologic period and system that spans 20.45 million years from the end of the Paleogene Period 23.03 million...
life') Eon. The Cenozoic is divided into three periods: the Paleogene, Neogene, and Quaternary; and seven epochs: the Paleocene, Eocene, Oligocene, Miocene...
Neogene dynaeus is a moth of the family Sphingidae. It is known from Brazil. It is similar to Neogene reevi. There is an oblique, more or less interrupted...
the Cretaceous Period 66 million years ago (Mya) to the beginning of the Neogene Period 23.03 Mya. It is the first part of the Cenozoic Era of the present...
of the International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS). It follows the Neogene Period and spans from 2.58 million years ago to the present. As of 2023...
The Mammal Neogene zones or MN zones are system of biostratigraphic zones in the stratigraphic record used to correlate mammal-bearing fossil localities...
Neogene and Quaternary. The Paleogene spans from the extinction of the non-avian dinosaurs, some 66 million years ago, to the dawn of the Neogene 23 million...
Columbian mammoth, who had shifted to mixed feeding or grazing by the late Neogene-Quaternary. Mammut as a result was a highly successful proboscidean that...
(/ˈmaɪ.əsiːn, -oʊ-/ MY-ə-seen, -oh-) is the first geological epoch of the Neogene Period and extends from about 23.03 to 5.333 million years ago (Ma). The...
Neogene of the Old World is a database containing information about Eurasian Miocene to Pleistocene land mammal taxa and localities, with emphasis on...
of that of the cordillera, while the major islands of Hawaii consist of Neogene volcanics erupted over a hot spot. Central America is geologically active...
Neogene albescens is a moth of the family Sphingidae. It is known from Argentina. "Sphingidae Taxonomic Inventory: Neogene albescens". sphingidae.myspecies...
Jurassic. Mammals achieved their modern diversity in the Paleogene and Neogene periods of the Cenozoic era, after the extinction of non-avian dinosaurs...
Wonambi is an extinct genus of madtsoiid snakes that lived in late Neogene to late Quaternary Australia. Species of Wonambi were constrictor snakes unrelated...
cover most of the Cenozoic, with particular focus having been paid to the Neogene and Paleogene systems (i.e. rock layers which are 65.5 to 2.588 million...
1016/j.annpal.2018.03.001. S2CID 133846307. I. P. Teterina (2018). "The Neogene ostracod genus Advenocypris from the intermontane depressions of the southeastern...
2.58 million years ago. It is the second and most recent epoch of the Neogene Period in the Cenozoic Era. The Pliocene follows the Miocene Epoch and...
Neogene curitiba is a moth of the family Sphingidae first described by E. Dukinfield Jones in 1908. It is known from Brazil. The wingspan is 52–63 mm...
into a temperate rainforest by the end of that period. During the colder Neogene (17–2.5 Ma), a tundra ecosystem replaced the rainforests. The climate of...
unofficially named Quaternary Period should be shifted into the Neogene System and Neogene Period. Despite the strong debate, the Quaternary saw official...
Coconut crab Temporal range: Neogene–present, 23–00 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N Conservation status Vulnerable (IUCN 3.1) Scientific classification...
in these regions. The aridification and cooling trends of the preceding Neogene were continued in the Pleistocene. The climate was strongly variable depending...
Neogene pictus is a moth of the family Sphingidae. It is known from Paraguay and northern Argentina. This species was synonymized with Neogene reevei in...
In paleontology, a Lazarus taxon (plural taxa) is a taxon that disappears for one or more periods from the fossil record, only to appear again later. Likewise...
Neogene carrerasi is a moth of the family Sphingidae. It is known from Argentina. "Sphingidae Taxonomic Inventory: Neogene carrerasi". sphingidae.myspecies...
Neogene reevei is a moth of the family Sphingidae first described by Herbert Druce in 1882. It is known from Paraguay, Argentina and Brazil. It is similar...
Neogene intermedia is a moth of the family Sphingidae. It is known from Paraguay. The length of the forewings is about 28 mm. "CATE Creating a Taxonomic...
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