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Phyllolepida information


Phyllolepida
Temporal range: Devonian
Austrophyllolepis ritchiei and Bothriolepis mawsoni
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: †Placodermi
Order: †Arthrodira
Suborder: †Actinolepidoidei
Clade: †Phyllolepida
Stensiö 1934
Type species
Phyllolepis concentrica
Agassiz 1844
Families
  • Phyllolepididae
  • Gavinaspididae

Phyllolepida ("leaf scales") is an extinct taxon of flattened placoderms found throughout the world, with fossils being found in Devonian strata. Like other flattened placoderms, the phyllolepids were bottom-dwelling predators that ambushed prey. Unlike other flattened placoderms, the phyllolepids were inhabitants of freshwater environments.

Unlike the Rhenanida, the armor of the phyllolepids were made of whole plates, rather than numerous tubercles and scales, and unlike the Petalichthyida, the components of the comparatively wide mouth are known. The phyllolepids are considered to have been blind, as the orbits for the eyes are extremely small, so much so as to suggest that the eyes were vestigial, and that they were placed on the sides of the head, as opposed to visually-oriented bottom-dwelling predators, like, say stargazers or flatfish, which have the eyes placed high on top of the head.

Phyllolepis orvini

Despite having a relatively clear idea of the phyllolepids' lifestyle and anatomy, most fossils consist of fragments of their thoracic armor, and only two genera, Phyllolepis and Austrophyllolepis have been thoroughly studied. From the articulation of the thoracic and head plates, it has been suggested that they are either the sister group of order Arthrodira, or are in fact, a group of highly derived arthrodires.

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Phyllolepida

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Phyllolepida ("leaf scales") is an extinct taxon of flattened placoderms found throughout the world, with fossils being found in Devonian strata. Like...

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Placoderm

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Carboniferous. Many placoderms, particularly the Rhenanida, Petalichthyida, Phyllolepida, and Antiarchi, were bottom-dwellers. In particular, the antiarchs, with...

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Fish

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†Placoderms †Antiarchi †Arthrodira †Brindabellaspida †Petalichthyida †Phyllolepida †Ptyctodontida †Rhenanida †Acanthothoraci †Pseudopetalichthyida? †Stensioellida...

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Arthrodira

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Arctolepididae Heintz, 1937 Phlyctaeniidae Fowler, 1947 Actinolepidae Gross, 1940 Phyllolepida Stensiö 1934 Wuttagoonaspidae Ritchie 1973 Genera incertae sedis Aethaspis...

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Actinopterygii

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Coelacanth

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Ptyctodontida

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the ptyctodonts are regarded as the sister group of the Arthrodira and Phyllolepida. Fin spine of the ptyctodont, Gamphacanthus, showing color patterns;...

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Chondrichthyes

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†Placoderms †Antiarchi †Arthrodira †Brindabellaspida †Petalichthyida †Phyllolepida †Ptyctodontida †Rhenanida †Acanthothoraci †Pseudopetalichthyida? †Stensioellida...

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Acanthodii

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Snailfish

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Cyclostomi

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Teleost

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Chimaera

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Cephalaspidomorphi

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Pteraspidomorphi

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Sarcopterygii

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Osteichthyes

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Bryantolepis

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Proaethaspis ohioensis Phyllolepida...

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Ostracoderm

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Cathaymyrus

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Xenacanthida

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List of chordate orders

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Arthrodira Order Antiarchi Order Brindabellaspida Order Petalichthyida Order Phyllolepida Order Ptyctodontida Order Rhenanida Order Pseudopetalichthyida (The placement...

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Lancelet

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Conodont

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Eugeneodontida

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Dunkleosteus

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Sigaspis Simblaspis Yujiangolepis Wuttagoonaspidae Wuttagoonaspis Yiminaspis Phyllolepida Actinolepidae Actinolepis Ailuracantha Bollandaspis Szelepis...

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Holocephali

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Erikaspis

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Anarthraspis chamberlini Heightingtonaspis anglica Phyllolepida...

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Evolution of fish

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Phyllolepis

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Phyllolepis (from the Greek roots for ‘leaf’ and ‘scale’) is the type genus of Phyllolepida, an extinct taxon of arthrodire placoderm fish from the middle to late...

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