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Photosymbiosis is a type of symbiosis where one of the organisms is capable of photosynthesis.[1]
Examples of photosymbiosis
Lichen Variospora thallincola growing on rock
A ciliate, Paramecium bursaria, with green zoochlorellae living inside it endosymbiotically
Mussa angulosa coral
Southern giant clam Tridacna derasa
Upside-down jellyfish Cassiopea xamachana
Examples of photosymbiotic relationships include those in lichens, plankton, ciliates, and many marine organisms including corals, fire corals, giant clams, and jellyfish.[2][3][4]
Photosymbiosis is important in the development, maintenance, and evolution of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, for example in biological soil crusts, soil formation, supporting highly diverse microbial populations in soil and water, and coral reef growth and maintenance.[5][6]
Plagiomnium affine moss cells with visible chloroplasts—a type of plastid.
When one organism lives within another symbiotically it’s called endosymbiosis. Photosymbiotic relationships where microalgae and/or cyanobacteria live within a heterotrophic host organism, are believed to have led to eukaryotes acquiring photosynthesis and to the evolution of plants.[7][8]
^"photosymbiosis". Oxford Reference.
^Gault J, Bentlage B, Huang D, Kerr A (2021). "Lineage-specific variation in the evolutionary stability of coral photosymbiosis". Science Advances. 7 (39): eabh4243. Bibcode:2021SciA....7.4243G. doi:10.1126/sciadv.abh4243. PMC 8457658. PMID 34550731.
^Decelle, Johan (2013). "New perspectives on the functioning and evolution of photosymbiosis in plankton: Mutualism or parasitism?". Communicative & Integrative Biology. 6 (4): e24560. doi:10.4161/cib.24560. PMC 3742057. PMID 23986805.
^Enrique-Navarro A, Huertas E, Flander-Putrle V, Bartual A, Navarro G, Ruiz J, Malej A, Prieto L. "Living Inside a Jellyfish: The Symbiosis Case Study of Host-Specialized Dinoflagellates, "Zooxanthellae", and the Scyphozoan Cotylorhiza tuberculata". Retrieved 2023-06-18.
^Gault J, Bentlage B, Huang D, Kerr A (2021). "Lineage-specific variation in the evolutionary stability of coral photosymbiosis". Science Advances. 7 (39): eabh4243. Bibcode:2021SciA....7.4243G. doi:10.1126/sciadv.abh4243. PMC 8457658. PMID 34550731.
^Stanley Jr G, Lipps J (2011). "Photosymbiosis: The Driving Force for Reef Success and Failure". The Paleontological Society Papers. 17: 33–59. doi:10.1017/S1089332600002436. Retrieved 2023-06-18.
^Decelle, Johan (2013). "New perspectives on the functioning and evolution of photosymbiosis in plankton: Mutualism or parasitism?". Communicative & Integrative Biology. 6 (4): e24560. doi:10.4161/cib.24560. PMC 3742057. PMID 23986805.
Photosymbiosis is a type of symbiosis where one of the organisms is capable of photosynthesis. Examples of photosymbiosis Examples of photosymbiotic relationships...
relationship is capable of photosynthesis, as with lichens, it is called photosymbiosis. Ectosymbiosis is any symbiotic relationship in which the symbiont lives...
This is likely because despite the energetic benefits it provides, photosymbiosis appears to be an evolutionary disadvantage during mass extinctions....
16 April 2023. Zapalski, Mikołaj K. (22 January 2014). "Evidence of photosymbiosis in Palaeozoic tabulate corals". Proceedings of the Royal Society B:...
of filamentous proteins that forms the internal framework of cells Photosymbiosis – Type of symbiotic relationship Sometimes Ernst Haeckel is credited...
within their inner cytoplasm (endoplasm). By participating in this photosymbiosis, acantharians are essentially mixotrophs: they acquire energy through...
provides the essential nutrients for the worm. This partnership is called photosymbiosis, from "photo", "light", and symbiosis "who lives with". These photosynthetic...
oxidized all the iron. Low nutrient abundance may have facilitated photosymbiosis—where one organism is capable of photosynthesis and the other metabolizes...
boundary: architectural turnover and its possible relation to ancient photosymbiosis". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 487: 416–429. Bibcode:2017PPP...
symbiosis with photosynthetic dinoflagellates (zooxanthellae), a type of photosymbiosis. Sometimes the giant clams are still treated as a separate family Tridacnidae...
emerging model organism for corals because it harbors a facultative photosymbiosis, is a calcifying coral, and has a large geographic range. Research on...
(2019). "The Silurian mesophotic coral ecosystems: 430 million years of photosymbiosis". Coral Reefs. 38 (1): 137–147. Bibcode:2019CorRe..38..137Z. doi:10...
2010). "The Chlorella variabilis NC64A genome reveals adaptation to photosymbiosis, coevolution with viruses, and cryptic sex". The Plant Cell. 22 (9):...
(2013-07-30). "New perspectives on the functioning and evolution of photosymbiosis in plankton". Communicative & Integrative Biology. 6 (4): e24560. doi:10...
able to establish a unique symbiosis with the algal plastids, known as photosymbiosis. Kleptoplasty, is common amongst several species of sacoglossan sea...
function, having crucial roles in, for instance, carbon channeling in photosymbiosis, control of microalgae blooms by parasites, and phytoplankton-associated...
(2019-02-01). "The Silurian mesophotic coral ecosystems: 430 million years of photosymbiosis". Coral Reefs. 38 (1): 137–147. Bibcode:2019CorRe..38..137Z. doi:10...
Kitahara; Maciej Mazur; Anders Meibom; Jarosław Stolarski (2016). "Photosymbiosis and the expansion of shallow-water corals". Science Advances. 2 (11):...
becoming a secondarily semi-infaunal edgewise recliner adapted to photosymbiosis. Pachygervillia P. anguillaensis P. taramellii Vaio dell’Anguilla Vajo...
endosymbiotic microalgae, are emerging as ecological models for unicellular photosymbiosis due to their ubiquitous presence in the world's oceans. Among the haptophytes...
Martindale; Xingchen T. Wang; Morgan F. Schaller (2017). "Detecting Photosymbiosis in Fossil Scleractinian Corals". Scientific Reports. 7 (1): Article...
ancestors, secondarily becoming an edge-lying semi-fauna adapted to photosymbiosis. In the Aganane Formation, this genus is both associated with Corallinaceous...
(2019-02-01). "The Silurian mesophotic coral ecosystems: 430 million years of photosymbiosis". Coral Reefs. 38 (1): 137–147. Bibcode:2019CorRe..38..137Z. doi:10...
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