This article is about the historic DNA X-ray diffraction image. For the play by Anna Ziegler, see Photograph 51 (play).
Photo 51, showing X-ray diffraction pattern of DNA
Double helix
William Astbury
Oswald Avery
Florence Bell
Lawrence Bragg
Erwin Chargaff
Francis Crick
Michael Creeth
Jerry Donohue
Rosalind Franklin
Raymond Gosling
Frederick Griffith
John Masson Gulland
Denis Jordan
Phoebus Levene
Friedrich Miescher
Fred Neufeld
Sir John Randall
Alec Stokes
James Watson
Maurice Wilkins
Herbert Wilson
Photo 51
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Photo 51 is an X-ray based fiber diffraction image of a paracrystalline gel composed of DNA fiber[1] taken by Raymond Gosling,[2][3] a postgraduate student working under the supervision of Rosalind Franklin in May 1952 at King's College London, while working in Sir John Randall's group.[4][5][6][7][8] The image was tagged "photo 51" because it was the 51st diffraction photograph that Franklin had taken.[9] It was critical evidence[10] in identifying the structure of DNA.[11]
^Franklin, R. E.; Gosling, R. G. (1953-09-10). "The structure of sodium thymonucleate fibres. I. The influence of water content". Acta Crystallographica. 6 (8): 673–677. Bibcode:1953AcCry...6..673F. doi:10.1107/S0365110X53001939.
^Witkowski J (2019). "The forgotten scientists who paved the way to the double helix". Nature. 568 (7752): 308–309. Bibcode:2019Natur.568..308W. doi:10.1038/d41586-019-01176-9.
^Attar, N (2013). "Raymond Gosling: the man who crystallized genes". Genome Biology. 14 (4): 402. doi:10.1186/gb-2013-14-4-402. PMC 3663117. PMID 23651528.
^Cite error: The named reference Williams2019 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^"DNA: the King's story". Archived from the original on 2013-02-07. Retrieved 2013-02-15.
^"Secret of Photo 51. Nova". PBS. Archived from the original on 2017-08-31. Retrieved 2017-09-08.
^The gene: a historical perspective. Greenwood Publishing Group. 2007. p. 85. ISBN 9780313334498. PHOTO 51 rosalind franklin.
^Smith, Kerri (26 April 2019). "PastCast: The other DNA papers". Nature. doi:10.1038/d41586-019-01347-8. S2CID 201414443. Archived from the original on 5 June 2019. Retrieved 4 September 2019.
^Krock, Lexi (22 April 2003). "Anatomy of Photo 51". NOVA online. PBS. Archived from the original on 29 July 2010. Retrieved 8 September 2017.
^Watson, James D.; Crick, Francis (1953). "A Structure for Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid" (PDF). Nature. 171 (4356): 737–738. Bibcode:1953Natur.171..737W. doi:10.1038/171737a0. PMID 13054692. S2CID 4253007. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2003-04-03.
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