In the field of linguistics, specifically in syntax, phonetic form (PF), also known as phonological form or the articulatory-perceptual (A-P) system, is a certain level of mental representation of a linguistic expression, derived from surface structure, and related to Logical Form. Phonetic form is the level of representation wherein expressions, or sentences, are assigned a phonetic representation, which is then pronounced by the speaker. Phonetic form takes surface structure as its input, and outputs an audible (or visual, in the case of sign languages), pronounced sentence.[1]
This is part of the Y- or T-model of grammar within minimalist grammar,[2] wherein the syntactic structure is constructed and then transferred (called spell-out) to both the Phonetic Form and the Logical Form. Operations in this branch of the model (between spell-out and pronunciation), the syntax-phonology interface, affect the pronunciation of the utterance but not its meaning.
Within distributed morphology (DM), this is where morphological structure is constructed, where the hierarchical syntactic structure is transformed into a linearized structure, and syntactic features are replaced with vocabulary items, among other things.[3]
According to some theories of prosody, the prosodic representation is derived with direct reference to the hierarchical syntactic structure. For example, Selkirk (2011, and others) proposes that prosodic structure is constructed by a process of matching, although imperfectly, prosodic constituents to syntactic constituents.[4] Kahnemuyipour (2009) demonstrates, using evidence from several languages, how information structure can be represented in the transfer from syntax to phonology, arguing that transfer can only be uni-directional, from syntax to phonology.[5] Oltra-Massuet and Arregi (2005) argue that the metrical structure, as well, makes reference to hierarchical syntactic structure in Spanish.[6] The extent of the interaction between the syntax and phonology at the interface is a matter of current debate.
^Chomsky, Noam (1995). The Minimalist Program. United States: MIT press. ISBN 0-262-53128-3.
^Halle, Morris & Alec Marantz. 1993. 'Distributed Morphology and the Pieces of Inflection.' In The View from Building 20, ed. Kenneth Hale and S. Jay Keyser. MIT Press, Cambridge, 111–176.
^Selkirk, Elisabeth. "The Syntax-Phonology Interface." in J. Goldsmith, J. Riggle, and A. Yu, eds., The Handbook of Phonological Theory, 2nd edition. Oxford: Blackwell, 2011.
^ Kahnemuyipour, Arsalan. 2009. The syntax of sentential stress. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
^ Oltra-Massuet, Isabel, and Karlos Arregi. 2005. "Stress-by-Structure in Spanish." Linguistic Inquiry 36.1:43–84.
the field of linguistics, specifically in syntax, phoneticform (PF), also known as phonological form or the articulatory-perceptual (A-P) system, is a...
This article contains phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. For...
This article contains phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. For...
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the International Phonetic Association in the late 19th century as a standardized representation of speech sounds in written form. The IPA is used by...
organized in a hierarchical structure, by embedding inside one another to form larger constituents. In Chomsky’s view, humans are born with innate knowledge...
that give us judgements of form and meaning of D-structure. Early theorists seemed to suggest that phoneticform and logical form are two distinct approaches...
This article contains phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. For...
5% of the lexicon, followed by pure signs with 18%, and semantic–form and phonetic–form compounds together accounting for 19%. The remaining 58% are phono-semantic...
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ą́ Ą̃ ą̃ A̲ a̲ ᶏ Phonetic alphabet symbols related to A—the International Phonetic Alphabet only uses lowercase, but uppercase forms are used in some...
This article contains phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. For...
morphology, a null morpheme or zero morpheme is a morpheme that has no phoneticform. In simpler terms, a null morpheme is an "invisible" affix. It is a...
phonemic sequence according to rules and produces as its output the phoneticform that is uttered by a speaker. The theory fits with the rest of Chomsky's...
to the Judeans, as 'Yeshua' [jeˈʃuaʕ], who tended to spell the name phonetically as ישוע, perhaps reducing the name thus: [jəhoˈʃuaʕ] > [joˈʃuaʕ] > [jeˈʃuaʕ]...
or simply Radiotelephony Spelling Alphabet, commonly known as the NATO phonetic alphabet, is the most widely used set of clear-code words for communicating...
language yet written". His grammar formed the basis of modern linguistics and described several important phonetic principles, including voicing. This...
5% of the lexicon, followed by pure signs with 18%, and semantic–form and phonetic–form compounds together accounting for 19%. The remaining 58% are phono-semantic...
character and became pure form. For example: 布; bù; 'cloth': used to have signific 巾; 'scarf' and phonetic 父; fù, the phonetic component is no longer 父...
International Phonetic Association (1999). Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A Guide to the Use of the International Phonetic Alphabet....
morphology, there is a greater variety of conjugations of modal and tense-aspect forms based on the present-tense stem. There is also a distinction made between...
variations are used for phonetic transcription: ᶅ ᶩ ᶪ ᶫ 𝼑 𝼓 Ꝇ ꝇ : Broken L was used in some medieval Nordic manuscripts Teuthonista phonetic transcription-specific...
Ṉ ṉ Ṋ ṋ Ꞥ ꞥ ᵰ ᶇ Phonetic alphabet symbols related to N (the International Phonetic Alphabet only uses lowercase, but uppercase forms are used in some...
This article contains phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. For...
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