Tendency of animals to return to an area, especially to reproduce
Philopatry is the tendency of an organism to stay in or habitually return to a particular area.[1] The causes of philopatry are numerous, but natal philopatry, where animals return to their birthplace to breed, may be the most common.[2] The term derives from the Greek roots philo, "liking, loving" and patra, "fatherland",[3] although in recent years the term has been applied to more than just the animal's birthplace. Recent usage refers to animals returning to the same area to breed despite not being born there, and migratory species that demonstrate site fidelity: reusing stopovers, staging points, and wintering grounds.[3]
Some of the known reasons for organisms to be philopatric would be for mating (reproduction), survival, migration, parental care, resources, etc.. In most species of animals, individuals will benefit from living in groups,[4] because depending on the species, individuals are more vulnerable to predation and more likely to have difficulty finding resources and food. Therefore, living in groups increases a species' chances of survival, which correlates to finding resources and reproducing. Again, depending on the species, returning to their birthplace where that particular species occupies that territory is the more favorable option. The birthplaces for these animals serve as a territory for them to return for feeding and refuge, like fish from a coral reef.[5] In an animal behavior study conducted by Paul Greenwood, overall female mammals are more likely to be philopatric, while male mammals are more likely to disperse. Male birds are more likely to be philopatric, while females are more likely to disperse. Philopatry will favor the evolution of cooperative traits because the direction of sex has consequences from the particular mating system.[6]
^Lawrence, E.; Henderson, I.F. (1995). Henderson's Dictionary of Biological Terms (11th ed.). New York, NY: J. Wiley & Sons, Inc. p. 432.
^Frederick, Peter C; Ogden, John C (1997). "Philopatry and Nomadism: Contrasting Long-Term Movement Behavior and Population Dynamics of White Ibises and Wood Storks". Colonial Waterbirds. 20 (2): 316–23. doi:10.2307/1521699. JSTOR 1521699.
^ abPearce, John M (2007). "Philopatry: A return to origins". The Auk. 124 (3): 1085–7. doi:10.1642/0004-8038(2007)124[1085:parto]2.0.co;2.
^Kokko, H; López-Sepulcre, Andrés (2006). "From Individual Dispersal to Species Ranges: Perspectives for a Changing World". Science. 313 (5788): 789–91. Bibcode:2006Sci...313..789K. doi:10.1126/science.1128566. PMID 16902127. S2CID 9523058.
^Edward O. Wilson, Sociobiology: The New Synthesis, 1975[page needed]
^Cite error: The named reference Greenwood was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
Philopatry is the tendency of an organism to stay in or habitually return to a particular area. The causes of philopatry are numerous, but natal philopatry...
Natal homing, or natal philopatry, is the homing process by which some adult animals that have migrated away from their juvenile habitats return back to...
to ponds. Toads, like many amphibians, exhibit breeding site fidelity (philopatry). Individual American toads return to their natal ponds to breed, making...
among thousands of similar holes, after a trip of several kilometers. In philopatry, insects that hibernate are able to recall a specific location up to a...
November 2016. Rohwer, Frank C.; Anderson, Michael G. (1988). "Female-Biased Philopatry, Monogamy, and the Timing of Pair Formation in Migratory Waterfowl". Current...
100. It can be extrapolated from the general primate behavior of female philopatry that female uakaries are also philopatric. This means that males leave...
chimpanzees avoid inbreeding even in the presence of substantial bisexual philopatry. R Soc Open Sci. 2024 Jan 17;11(1):230967. doi: 10.1098/rsos.230967. PMID:...
that happened for such an evolutionary process to occur. The male-biased philopatry theory proposes that if human social groups were originally based around...
University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-79854-7. Shields, W. M. 1982. Philopatry, Inbreeding, and the Evolution of Sex. Print. 50–69. Meagher S, Penn DJ...
factors, such as low rates of dispersal or returning to the spawning area (philopatry), can cause a particular group of organisms to have high speciation rates...
individuals. Female eiders frequently exhibit a high degree of natal philopatry, where they return to breed on the same island where they were hatched...
Procellariids display high levels of philopatry, exhibiting both natal philopatry and site fidelity. Natal philopatry, the tendency of a bird to breed close...
statistics used, and other factors. The ornate box turtle has a high degree of philopatry, which means that it returns to the same area year after year, and it...
patrilocality, pointing out that hunter-gatherer societies have a flexible philopatry or practice multilocality, which in turn leads to a more egalitarian society...
smaller species nest in natural cavities and burrows. They exhibit strong philopatry, returning to their natal colony to breed and returning to the same nesting...
the rank of her mother. There has been extensive research into female philopatry, common in social animals, as females tend not to leave the social group...
copperheads and black rat snakes. Timber rattlesnakes exhibit high levels of philopatry to their natural hibernaculum, which means that they are likely to return...
Albon, S.D. (2002). "Microsatellite DNA evidence for genetic drift and philopatry in Svalbard reindeer". Molecular Ecology. 11 (10): 1923–1930. doi:10.1046/j...
the Soviet Union. He was a pioneers in examining evolutionary trends in philopatry and post-natal dispersal in birds. Aleksey was born to Sergey P. Malchevskiy...
Beavers". Natural Sciences. Retrieved 24 April 2013. Campbell, Ruairidh. "Philopatry and territoriality in the Eurasian beaver". Wildlife Conservation Research...
and harder to identify. They are colonial nesters, displaying strong philopatry to their natal colonies and nesting sites. Most species nest in crevices...
Little is known about individual range or whether toadfish exhibit natal philopatry. Toadfish are ambush predators during the day, when they remain buried...
case of females, the stable dominance hierarchy is a result of female philopatry, when individuals tend to remain with the troop into which they are born...
Hirschauer, Margaret T.; Wolter, Kerri; Neser, Walter (2017). "Natal philopatry in young Cape Vultures Gyps coprotheres". Ostrich. 88: 79–82. doi:10.2989/00306525...
fission-fusion societies, and Indri forms pair bonds. Some lemurs exhibit female philopatry, where females stay within their natal range and the males migrate upon...
highly mobile across their range, with females showing weak philopatry and a lack of philopatry in males. These birds eat crustaceans, aquatic insects, and...
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