General principle in thermodynamics regarding pVT systems in equilibrium
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Phase rule" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR(October 2022) (Learn how and when to remove this message)
"Gibbs rule" redirects here. Not to be confused with Antony Gibbs & Sons v La Societe Industrielle et Commerciale des Metaux.
In thermodynamics, the phase rule is a general principle governing "pVT" systems, whose thermodynamic states are completely described by the variables pressure (p), volume (V) and temperature (T), in thermodynamic equilibrium. If F is the number of degrees of freedom, C is the number of components and P is the number of phases, then
[1][2]: 123–125
It was derived by American physicist Josiah Willard Gibbs in his landmark paper titled On the Equilibrium of Heterogeneous Substances, published in parts between 1875 and 1878.[3]
The rule assumes the components do not react with each other.
The number of degrees of freedom is the number of independent intensive variables, i.e. the largest number of thermodynamic parameters such as temperature or pressure that can be varied simultaneously and arbitrarily without determining one another. An example of one-component system is a system involving one pure chemical, while two-component systems, such as mixtures of water and ethanol, have two chemically independent components, and so on. Typical phases are solids, liquids and gases.
^Ness, Hendrick C. Van; Abbott, Michael; Swihart, Mark; Smith, J. M. (March 20, 2017). Introduction to Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics. Dubuque, Iowa: McGraw Hill Education. p. 422. ISBN 9781259696527. OCLC 1001316575.
^Atkins, Peter William; Paula, Julio De; Keeler, James (2018). Atkins' Physical Chemistry (11th ed.). Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780198769866. OCLC 1013164457.
^Gibbs, Josiah W. (1906). Scientific Papers of J. Willard Gibbs. Longmans, Green and Co. OCLC 1136910263.
In thermodynamics, the phaserule is a general principle governing "pVT" systems, whose thermodynamic states are completely described by the variables...
the ten phases (or melds) that a player must advance through in order to win. Many people shorten the game by aligning it to baseball rules and consider...
July. The Rule 5 draft has happened every year since 1920. The 2021 MLB lockout led to the postponement of the major league phase of the Rule 5 draft,...
Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov phase. Biomolecular condensate Colloid Phase diagram Phaserule UNIQUAC Nic M, Jirat J, Kosata B (1997). "Phase separation". In McNaught...
solution. Number of phases, number of components and degree of freedom (or variance) can be correlated with one another with help of phaserule. Reactions of...
instantaneous phase of a carrier wave. Phase modulation is one of the two principal forms of angle modulation, together with frequency modulation. In phase modulation...
A lunar phase or Moon phase is the apparent shape of the Moon's directly sunlit portion as viewed from the Earth (because the Moon is tidally locked with...
equilibrium can be determined by the Gibb's phaserule, for chemical compounds there is no limit on the number of such phase separating combinations itself. Hence...
Randomized Phase II trials have far fewer patients than randomized Phase III trials.[citation needed] In the first stage, the investigator attempts to rule out...
thermodynamics, and other related fields like physics and biology, a phase transition (or phase change) is the physical process of transition between one state...
The Bancroft rule in colloidal chemistry states: "The phase in which an emulsifier is more soluble constitutes the continuous phase." This means that water-soluble...
In classical and quantum mechanics, geometric phase is a phase difference acquired over the course of a cycle, when a system is subjected to cyclic adiabatic...
Below are lists of Rule 5 draft results since 1997. Players selected in the Major League Baseball (MLB) phase of the Rule 5 draft must be kept on their...
the lever rule is a formula used to determine the mole fraction (xi) or the mass fraction (wi) of each phase of a binary equilibrium phase diagram. It...
phases vanishing from the cell. Therefore, triple point cells can be used as universal references for temperature and pressure (see Gibbs phaserule)...
273.16 K, was an exact number. Critical point (thermodynamics) Gibbs' phaserule IUPAC, Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd ed. (the "Gold Book") (1997)...
Global Information
