Global InformationPerianal cellulitis information
| Perianal cellulitis | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Perianitis, Perianal streptococcal dermatitis, Perianal dermatitis,[1] Streptococcal anitis,[1] Streptococcal perianitis[1] |
| Specialty | Dermatology  |
| Symptoms | Redness, swelling, itching, pain |
| Duration | Treatment ranges from 14 to 21 days |
| Causes | Group A Streptococci (Streptococcus pyogenes) (most common)
Staphylococcus aureus Group B Streptococci (Streptococcus agalactiae) |
| Diagnostic method | Bacterial culture |
| Differential diagnosis | Candidiasis, irritant diaper dermatitis, pinworm infestation, chronic inflammatory bowel disease, seborrheic dermatitis, or even sexual abuse. |
Perianal cellulitis, also known as perianitis or perianal streptococcal dermatitis, is a bacterial infection affecting the lower layers of the skin (cellulitis) around the anus.[1][2][3] It presents as bright redness in the skin and can be accompanied by pain, difficulty defecating, itching, and bleeding.[4][1] This disease is considered a complicated skin and soft tissue infection (cSSTI) because of the involvement of the deeper soft tissues.[5]
Perianal cellulitis is most commonly caused by group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus bacteria (Streptococcus pyogenes), which resides normally ("in small numbers") in the human throat and on the human skin.[6][7] Other less common causes may include infection with group B beta-hemolytic streptococci (Streptococcus agalactiae), a bacterium found in the human vagina of some, or Staphylococcus aureus, a common component of the bacterial community in the human nose and/or skin.[8][7]
Perianal cellulitis occurs mainly in male children between six months and 10 years of age, however, there are documented cases of perianal cellulitis in adults as well.[8] Oral antibiotics are the first line treatment for perianal cellulitis and may be used in combination with topical antibiotics.[1] Since the infection occurs within the deeper layers of skin, using a topical treatment by itself may not be effective.[1] In about 20% of cases, recurrence of perianal streptococcal dermatitis infection occurs within 3.5 months.[1] Routine hygiene practices should also be encouraged in children and adults in order to reduce the risk of recurrent infection.[1]
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Gualtieri R, Bronz G, Bianchetti MG, Lava SA, Giuliano E, Milani GP, Jermini LM (June 2021). "Perianal streptococcal disease in childhood: systematic literature review". European Journal of Pediatrics. 180 (6): 1867–1874. doi:10.1007/s00431-021-03965-9. PMC 8105195. PMID 33532889.
- ^ Pennycook KM, McCready TA (2022). "Perianal Streptococcal Dermatitis". StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing. PMID 31613443. Retrieved 2022-07-25.
- ^ Rrapi R, Chand S, Kroshinsky D (July 2021). "Cellulitis: A Review of Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Management". The Medical Clinics of North America. Dermatology. 105 (4): 723–735. doi:10.1016/j.mcna.2021.04.009. PMID 34059247. S2CID 235267530.
- ^ Boull C, Soutor C, Hordinsky M (2022). "Chapter 11: Bacterial Infections". Clinical Dermatology: Diagnosis and Management of Common Disorders (2nd ed.). McGraw Hill. ISBN 978-1-264-25737-9.
- ^ Leong HN, Kurup A, Tan MY, Kwa AL, Liau KH, Wilcox MH (2018). "Management of complicated skin and soft tissue infections with a special focus on the role of newer antibiotics". Infection and Drug Resistance. 11: 1959–1974. doi:10.2147/IDR.S172366. PMC 6208867. PMID 30464538.
- ^ Levinson, Warren; Chin-Hong, Peter; Joyce, Elizabeth A.; Nussbaum, Jesse; Schwartz, Brian (2022). "Summaries of Medically Important Bacteria". Review of Medical Microbiology & Immunology: A Guide to Clinical Infectious Diseases (17th ed.). McGraw Hill. ISBN 978-1-264-26708-8. OCLC 1286281364.
- ^ a b Levinson, Warren (2022). "Chapter 15: Gram-Positive Cocci". Review of medical microbiology & immunology : a guide to clinical infectious diseases. Peter Chin-Hong, Elizabeth A. Joyce, Jesse Nussbaum, Brian S. Schwartz (17 ed.). New York. ISBN 9781264267088. OCLC 1286281364.
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