A population genomic PCA graph, showing the substructure of East Asian populations, including Han Chinese (2019)[1]
In the course of the peopling of the World by Homo sapiens, East Asia was reached about 50,000 years ago (50 kya). The "recent African origin" lineage of 70 kya diverged into identifiable East Eurasian and West Eurasian lineages by about 50 kya.[2] This early East Asian lineage diverged further during the Last Glacial Maximum, contributing outgoing from Mainland Southeast Asia significantly to the peopling of the Americas via Beringia about 25 kya.[3] After the last ice age China became cut off from neighboring island groups. The previous phenotypes of early East Asians became either replaced or prevailed among more geographically distant groups.[4][5]
^Huang, Xiufeng; Xia, Zi-Yang; Bin, Xiaoyun; He, Guanglin; Guo, Jianxin; Adnan, Atif; Yin, Lianfei; Huang, Youyi; Zhao, Jing; Yang, Yidong; Ma, Fuwei; Li, Yingxiang; Hu, Rong; Yang, Tianle; Wei, Lan-Hai; Wang, Chuan-Chao (30 June 2022). "Genomic Insights Into the Demographic History of the Southern Chinese". Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution. 10. doi:10.3389/fevo.2022.853391.
^Seguin-Orlando, Andaine; Korneliussen, Thorfinn S.; Sikora, Martin; Malaspinas, Anna-Sapfo; Manica, Andrea; Moltke, Ida; Albrechtsen, Anders; Ko, Amy; Margaryan, Ashot; Moiseyev, Vyacheslav; Goebel, Ted; Westaway, Michael; Lambert, David; Khartanovich, Valeri; Wall, Jeffrey D.; Nigst, Philip R.; Foley, Robert A.; Lahr, Marta Mirazon; Nielsen, Rasmus; Orlando, Ludovic; Willerslev, Eske (28 November 2014). "Genomic structure in Europeans dating back at least 36,200 years". Science. 346 (6213): 1113–1118. Bibcode:2014Sci...346.1113S. doi:10.1126/science.aaa0114. PMID 25378462. S2CID 206632421.
^Moreno-Mayar, J. Víctor; Potter, Ben A.; Vinner, Lasse; Steinrücken, Matthias; Rasmussen, Simon; Terhorst, Jonathan; Kamm, John A.; Albrechtsen, Anders; Malaspinas, Anna-Sapfo; Sikora, Martin; Reuther, Joshua D.; Irish, Joel D.; Malhi, Ripan S.; Orlando, Ludovic; Song, Yun S.; Nielsen, Rasmus; Meltzer, David J.; Willerslev, Eske (2018), "Terminal Pleistocene Alaskan genome reveals first founding population of Native Americans" (PDF), Nature, 553 (7687): 203–207, Bibcode:2018Natur.553..203M, doi:10.1038/nature25173, PMID 29323294, S2CID 4454580
^Yang, Melinda A. (2022-01-06). "A genetic history of migration, diversification, and admixture in Asia". Human Population Genetics and Genomics. 2 (1): 1–32. doi:10.47248/hpgg2202010001. ISSN 2770-5005.
^Adhikari, Kaustubh; Fuentes-Guajardo, Macarena; Quinto-Sánchez, Mirsha; Mendoza-Revilla, Javier; Camilo Chacón-Duque, Juan; Acuña-Alonzo, Victor; Jaramillo, Claudia; Arias, William; Lozano, Rodrigo Barquera; Pérez, Gastón Macín; Gómez-Valdés, Jorge; Villamil-Ramírez, Hugo; Hunemeier, Tábita; Ramallo, Virginia; Silva de Cerqueira, Caio C. (2016-05-19). "A genome-wide association scan implicates DCHS2, RUNX2, GLI3, PAX1 and EDAR in human facial variation". Nature Communications. 7 (1): 11616. doi:10.1038/ncomms11616. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 4874031. PMID 27193062.
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