Pre-contact distribution of proposed Penutian languages.
Penutian is a proposed grouping of language families that includes many Native American languages of western North America, predominantly spoken at one time in British Columbia, Washington, Oregon, and California. The existence of a Penutian stock or phylum has been the subject of debate among specialists. Even the unity of some of its component families has been disputed. Some of the problems in the comparative study of languages within the phylum are the result of their early extinction and limited documentation.[1]
Some of the more recently proposed subgroupings of Penutian have been convincingly demonstrated. The Miwokan and the Costanoan languages have been grouped into an Utian language family by Catherine Callaghan.[2] Callaghan has more recently provided evidence supporting a grouping of Utian and Yokutsan into a Yok-Utian family.[3][4] There also seems to be convincing evidence for the Plateau Penutian grouping (originally named Shahapwailutan by J. N. B. Hewitt and John Wesley Powell in 1894) which would consist of Klamath–Modoc, Molala, and the Sahaptian languages (Nez Percé and Sahaptin).[5]
^Campbell 1997; but see Delancey & Golla 1997, Golla 2007:81–82
^Callaghan 1967
^Callaghan 1997
^Callaghan 2001
^Delancey and Golla, 1997
and 26 Related for: Penutian languages information
Penutian is a proposed grouping of language families that includes many Native American languages of western North America, predominantly spoken at one...
Plateau Penutian (also Shahapwailutan, Lepitan) is a family of languages spoken in northern California, reaching through central-western Oregon to northern...
Oregon Penutian is a hypothetical language family in the Penutianlanguage phylum comprising languages spoken at one time by several groups of Native...
The Coast Oregon Penutianlanguages are a proposed family of three small languages or language clusters on the Oregon Coast that has moderate support...
von Humboldt noticed that the languages of the Americas seemed to be very different from the better-known European languages, yet seemingly also quite similar...
considered part of the Penutianlanguage phylum. All Utian languages are severely endangered. Penutianlanguages Miwok languages Ohlone languages Callaghan 1997...
related to the Penutian stock, or any other hypothesized stocks, though nothing in this work hinges on that position. "Alaska Languages (AKL)". University...
proposed Penutian languages, Plateau Penutianlanguages are rich in ablaut, much like Indo-European and Afro-Asiatic languages. Further evidence for this classification...
Sahaptian (also Sahaptianic, Sahaptin, Shahaptian) is a two-language branch of the Plateau Penutian family spoken by Native American peoples in the Columbia...
often considered in various Penutian phylum proposals. It was one of the original members of California Penutian (the Penutian "core"). Maidu Renaissance...
Kalapuyan is usually connected with the various Penutian proposals. This was originally part of an Oregon Penutian branch along with Takelma, Siuslaw, Alsea...
languages in his encyclopedic overview of California Indian languages. More recently, Marianne Mithun split Southern Wintuan into a Patwin language and...
considered to be a language isolate. It may be part of a Coast Oregon Penutian family together with Alsea and the Coosan languages, although the validity...
to belong to the Penutian phylum, and may form part of a Coast Oregon Penutian subgroup together with Siuslaw and the Coosan languages. Numerous lexical...
Proto-Uto-Aztecan. Chumashan languagesPenutianlanguages Dixon, Roland R.; Kroeber, Alfred L. (1913a). "Relationship of the Indian languages of California." Science...
Jicaque language. Macro-Mayan comprising Mayan along with Sapir's Penutian and Aztec-Tanoan families, the Otomanguean languages and various languages of Central...
Cayuse with Molala as part of the Waiilatpuan branch of the Plateau Penutianlanguages. Bruce Rigsby reexamined the Cayuse-Molala lexical pairs provided...
dialects. In 1916 Edward Sapir suggested that the Coosan languages are part of a larger Oregon Penutian genetic grouping. This analysis has been accepted by...
have been connections with Penutian (and Penutioid and Macro-Penutian), Tanoan, and Hokan phyla, and also the Keresan languages. The most clearly articulated...
other important languages in Argentina with 200,000 speakers and 65,000 speakers respectively. Fifteen Indigenous American languages currently exist and...
Indian Languages: The Historical Linguistics of Native America. New York: Oxford University Press. DeLancey, Scott; Golla, Victor (1997). "The Penutian Hypothesis:...
Biblical translations into the indigenous languages of North and South America have been produced since the 16th century. Mark, translated by Peter Wzokhilain...
Miwok, a language of the Penutian group, despite having no training in it, due to the familiarity of many of the terms to Uralic languages from central...
language isolates by continent Lists of languages List of proposed language families "What are the largest language families?". Ethnologue. May 25, 2019...
Salish languages in the north and Plateau Penutianlanguages in the south. Chinookan languages were spoken on the lower Columbia and Kalapuyan languages were...
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