Patriarchy information

Patriarchy is a social system in which positions of dominance and privilege are held by men.^[1]^[2]^[3] The term patriarchy is used both in anthropology to describe a family or clan controlled by the father or eldest male or group of males, and in feminist theory to describe a broader social structure in which men as a group dominate women and children.^[4]^[5]^[6]

Patriarchal ideology acts to explain and justify patriarchy by attributing gender inequality to inherent natural differences between men and women, divine commandment, or other fixed structures.^[7] Sociologists tend to reject predominantly biological explanations of patriarchy and contend that socialization processes are primarily responsible for establishing gender roles.^[8] They are the basis of discrimination of women. ^[9] Sociobiologists compare human gender roles to sexed behavior in other primates and some^[who?] argue that gender inequality comes primarily from genetic and reproductive differences between men and women. Social constructionists contest this argument, arguing that gender roles and gender inequity are instruments of power and have become social norms to maintain control over women.

Historically, patriarchy has manifested itself in the social, legal, political, religious, and economic organization of a range of different cultures.^[10] Most contemporary societies are, in practice, patriarchal.^[11]^[12]

^ "Definition of PATRIARCHY". Merriam-Webster Dictionary. 3 June 2023.
^ "patriarchy". Britannica. 2 June 2023.
^ "Meaning of patriarchy in English". Cambridge Dictionary.
^ Cite error: The named reference Lerner p238 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Cite error: The named reference Walby 1989 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Hunnicutt, Gwen (2009). "Varieties of Patriarchy and Violence Against Women: Resurrecting 'Patriarchy' as a Theoretical Tool". Violence Against Women. 15 (5): 553–573. doi:10.1177/1077801208331246. ISSN 1077-8012. PMID 19182049. S2CID 206667077. The core concept of patriarchy [is a system] of male domination and female subordination [...] Although patriarchy has been variously defined, for purposes of this article, it means social arrangements that privilege males, where men as a group dominate women as a group, both structurally and ideologically man power![...]
^ Cite error: The named reference Green 2010 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Cite error: The named reference Henslin 2001 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Nissen, A. (2023). "Gender-Transformative Remedies for Women Human Rights Defenders". Business and Human Rights Journal. 8 (3): 374. doi:10.1017/bhj.2023.41. hdl:1887/3716539.
^ Malti-Douglas, Fedwa (2007). Encyclopedia of Sex and Gender. Detroit: Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-02-865960-2.
^ Lockard, Craig (2015). Societies, Networks, and Transitions: A Global History (3rd ed.). Stamford, Conn.: Cengage Learning. p. 88. ISBN 978-1-285-78312-3. Today, as in the past, men generally hold political, economic, and religious power in most societies thanks to patriarchy, a system whereby men largely control women and children, shape ideas about appropriate gender behavior, and generally dominate society.
^ Pateman, Carole (2016). "Sexual Contract". In Naples, Nancy A. (ed.). The Wiley Blackwell Encyclopedia of Gender and Sexuality Studies, Volume 5. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. pp. 1–3. doi:10.1002/9781118663219.wbegss468. ISBN 978-1-4051-9694-9. The heyday of the patriarchal structures analyzed in The Sexual Contract extended from the 1840s to the late 1970s [...] Nevertheless, men's government of women is one of the most deeply entrenched of all power structures

[1] "Definition of PATRIARCHY". Merriam-Webster Dictionary. 3 June 2023.

[2] "patriarchy". Britannica. 2 June 2023.

[3] "Meaning of patriarchy in English". Cambridge Dictionary.

[Lerner_p238-4] Cite error: The named reference Lerner p238 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[Walby_1989-5] Cite error: The named reference Walby 1989 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[Hunnicutt_2009-6] Hunnicutt, Gwen (2009). "Varieties of Patriarchy and Violence Against Women: Resurrecting 'Patriarchy' as a Theoretical Tool". Violence Against Women. 15 (5): 553–573. doi:10.1177/1077801208331246. ISSN 1077-8012. PMID 19182049. S2CID 206667077. The core concept of patriarchy [is a system] of male domination and female subordination [...] Although patriarchy has been variously defined, for purposes of this article, it means social arrangements that privilege males, where men as a group dominate women as a group, both structurally and ideologically man power![...]

[Green_2010-7] Cite error: The named reference Green 2010 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[Henslin_2001-8] Cite error: The named reference Henslin 2001 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[Nissen_2023-9] Nissen, A. (2023). "Gender-Transformative Remedies for Women Human Rights Defenders". Business and Human Rights Journal. 8 (3): 374. doi:10.1017/bhj.2023.41. hdl:1887/3716539.

[10] Malti-Douglas, Fedwa (2007). Encyclopedia of Sex and Gender. Detroit: Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-02-865960-2.

[Lockard_p88-11] Lockard, Craig (2015). Societies, Networks, and Transitions: A Global History (3rd ed.). Stamford, Conn.: Cengage Learning. p. 88. ISBN 978-1-285-78312-3. Today, as in the past, men generally hold political, economic, and religious power in most societies thanks to patriarchy, a system whereby men largely control women and children, shape ideas about appropriate gender behavior, and generally dominate society.

[Pateman_2016-12] Pateman, Carole (2016). "Sexual Contract". In Naples, Nancy A. (ed.). The Wiley Blackwell Encyclopedia of Gender and Sexuality Studies, Volume 5. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. pp. 1–3. doi:10.1002/9781118663219.wbegss468. ISBN 978-1-4051-9694-9. The heyday of the patriarchal structures analyzed in The Sexual Contract extended from the 1840s to the late 1970s [...] Nevertheless, men's government of women is one of the most deeply entrenched of all power structures

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Basic concepts Status and rank Ascribed status Achieved status Social status Caste Age grade/Age set Leveling mechanism Leadership Big man Patriarchy Matriarchy Elder Pantribal sodalities Chief Paramount chief Polities Band society Segmentary lineage Tribe Chiefdom Petty kingdom House society Ethnic group Theatre state Law and custom Customary law Legal culture
Case studies Acephelous Societies without hierarchical leaders African Political Systems Papuan Big man system The Art of Not Being Governed State Non-western state systems Negara Mandala Technology, Tradition, and the State in Africa Legal systems Kapu Colonialism and resistance Europe and the People Without History Cargo cult
Major theorists E. Adamson Hoebel Georges Balandier F. G. Bailey Fredrik Barth Jeremy Boissevain Robert L. Carneiro Henri J. M. Claessen Jean Comaroff John Comaroff Pierre Clastres E. E. Evans-Pritchard Wolfgang Fikentscher Meyer Fortes Morton Fried Ernest Gellner David Graeber Lesley Gill Ulf Hannerz Thomas Blom Hansen Ted C. Lewellen Edmund Leach Ralph Linton Elizabeth Mertz Sidney Mintz Sally Falk Moore Rodney Needham Marshall Sahlins James C. Scott Elman Service Aidan Southall Jonathan Spencer Bjorn Thomassen Douglas R. White Eric Wolf
Related articles Circumscription theory Legal anthropology Left–right paradigm State formation Political economy in anthropology Network Analysis and Ethnographic Problems
Journals Political and Legal Anthropology Review Journal of Legal Anthropology Journal of Law and Society
Social and cultural anthropology
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