A patellar dislocation is a knee injury in which the patella (kneecap) slips out of its normal position.[5] Often the knee is partly bent, painful and swollen.[1][2] The patella is also often felt and seen out of place.[1] Complications may include a patella fracture or arthritis.[3]
A patellar dislocation typically occurs when the knee is straight and the lower leg is bent outwards when twisting.[1][2] Occasionally, it occurs when the knee is bent and the patella is struck directly.[1] Commonly associated sports include soccer, gymnastics, and ice hockey.[2] Dislocations nearly always occur away from the midline.[2] Diagnosis is typically based on symptoms and supported by X-rays.[2]
Reduction is generally done by pushing the patella towards the midline while straightening the knee.[1] After reduction, the leg is generally splinted in a straight position for a few weeks.[1] This is then followed by physical therapy.[1] Surgery after a first dislocation is generally of unclear benefit.[6][4] Surgery may be indicated in those cases where a fracture occurs within the joint or where the patella has repeatedly dislocated.[3][4][5]
Patellar dislocations occur in about 6 per 100,000 people per year.[4] They make up about 2% of knee injuries.[1] It is most common in those 10 to 17 years old.[4] Rates in males and females are similar.[4] Recurrence after an initial dislocation occurs in about 30% of people.[4]
^ abcdCite error: The named reference duthon was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ abcdefghiJain NP, Khan N, Fithian DC (March 2011). "A treatment algorithm for primary patellar dislocations". Sports Health. 3 (2): 170–4. doi:10.1177/1941738111399237. PMC 3445142. PMID 23016004.
^ abc"Patellar Dislocation and Instability in Children (Unstable Kneecap)". OrthoInfo - AAOS. March 2014. Archived from the original on 18 June 2017. Retrieved 16 October 2017.
^Smith TO, Gaukroger A, Metcalfe A, Hing CB (24 January 2023). "Surgical versus non-surgical interventions for treating patellar dislocation". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 1 (1): CD008106. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD008106.pub4. ISSN 1469-493X. PMC 9872769. PMID 36692346.
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