A knee dislocation is an injury in which there is disruption of the knee joint between the tibia and the femur.[3][4] Symptoms include pain and instability of the knee.[2] Complications may include injury to an artery, most commonly the popliteal artery behind the knee, or compartment syndrome.[3][4][7]
About half of cases are the result of major trauma and about half as a result of minor trauma.[3] About 50% of the time, the joint spontaneously reduces before arrival at hospital.[3] Typically there is a tear of the anterior cruciate ligament, posterior cruciate ligament, and either the medial collateral ligament or lateral collateral ligament.[3] If the ankle–brachial pressure index is less than 0.9, CT angiography is recommended to detect blood vessel injury.[3] Otherwise repeated physical exams may be sufficient.[2] More recently, the FAST-D protocol, assessing the posterior tibial and dorsalis pedis arteries for a ‘tri-phasic wave pattern’ with ultrasound, has been shown to be reliable in ruling out significant arterial injury.[8]
If the joint remains dislocated, reduction and splinting is indicated;[4] this is typically carried out under procedural sedation.[2] If signs of arterial injury are present, immediate surgery is generally recommended.[3] Multiple surgeries may be required.[4] In just over 10% of cases, an amputation of part of the leg is required.[4]
Knee dislocations are rare, occurring in about 1 per 100,000 people per year.[3] Males are more often affected than females.[2] Younger adults are most often affected.[2] Descriptions of this injury date back to at least 20 BC by Meges of Sidon.[9]
^Duprey K, Lin M (February 2010). "Posterior knee dislocation". The Western Journal of Emergency Medicine. 11 (1): 103–4. PMC 2850837. PMID 20411095.
^ abcdefgBoyce RH, Singh K, Obremskey WT (December 2015). "Acute Management of Traumatic Knee Dislocations for the Generalist". The Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. 23 (12): 761–8. doi:10.5435/JAAOS-D-14-00349. PMID 26493970. S2CID 10713473.
^ abcdefghijkMaslaris A, Brinkmann O, Bungartz M, Krettek C, Jagodzinski M, Liodakis E (August 2018). "Management of knee dislocation prior to ligament reconstruction: What is the current evidence? Update of a universal treatment algorithm". European Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery & Traumatology. 28 (6): 1001–1015. doi:10.1007/s00590-018-2148-4. PMID 29470650. S2CID 3482099.
^ abcdefghiBryant B, Musahl V, Harner CD (2011). "59. The Dislocated Knee". In W. Norman Scott (ed.). Insall & Scott Surgery of the Knee E-Book (5th ed.). Elsevier Churchill Livingstone. p. 565. ISBN 978-1-4377-1503-3.
^Cite error: The named reference Lac2015 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Eiff MP, Hatch RL (2011). Fracture Management for Primary Care E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. ix. ISBN 978-1455725021.
^Medina O, Arom GA, Yeranosian MG, Petrigliano FA, McAllister DR (September 2014). "Vascular and nerve injury after knee dislocation: a systematic review". Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research. 472 (9): 2621–9. doi:10.1007/s11999-014-3511-3. PMC 4117866. PMID 24554457.
^Montorfano, Miguel Angel; Montorfano, Lisandro Miguel; Perez Quirante, Federico; Rodríguez, Federico; Vera, Leonardo; Neri, Luca (December 2017). "The FAST D protocol: a simple method to rule out traumatic vascular injuries of the lower extremities". Critical Ultrasound Journal. 9 (1): 8. doi:10.1186/s13089-017-0063-2. PMC 5360748. PMID 28324353.
^Elliott JS (1914). Outlines of Greek and Roman Medicine. Creatikron Company. p. 76. ISBN 9781449985219.
A kneedislocation is an injury in which there is disruption of the knee joint between the tibia and the femur. Symptoms include pain and instability of...
knee disorder involves a tear, slippage, or dislocation that impairs the structural ability of the knee to balance the leg (patellofemoral instability...
A patellar dislocation is a knee injury in which the patella (kneecap) slips out of its normal position. Often the knee is partly bent, painful and swollen...
syndrome Joint hypermobility syndrome Patella dislocationKnee joint dislocation (Tibiofemoral joint dislocation) Knee pain is more common among people working...
nerves. Dislocations can occur in any major joint (shoulder, knees, etc.) or minor joint (toes, fingers, etc.). The most common joint dislocation is a shoulder...
dislocation when there is a history of trauma. May show signs of osteoarthritis. Magnetic Resonance Imaging detects abnormalities of the bone or knee...
lesion, rotator cuff tear, or injury to the axillary nerve. A shoulder dislocation often occurs as a result of a fall onto an outstretched arm or onto the...
discourages lateral dislocation during flexion. The retinacular fibres of the patella also stabilize it during exercise. Patellar dislocations occur with significant...
population's susceptibility to hip dislocation. Posterior dislocations happen with direct trauma to a bent (flexed) knee as is the case with a dashboard...
Kai Ming; Ahuja, Anil T. (September 25, 2007). "First-time shoulder dislocation: High prevalence of labral injury and age-related differences revealed...
respect to the subjacent vertebra to a degree less than a luxation (dislocation). Retrolistheses are most easily diagnosed on lateral x-ray views of...
is rarely injured from a medial knee injury unless there is a concurrent lateral patellar subluxation or dislocation. The adductor magnus tendon attaches...
the knee and possibly at the joint of hip and ankle. Most studies reported that about 30% of peroneal nerve palsy is followed from kneedislocations. Peroneal...
factors such as the material used, infection, and dislocation. However, a UK study showed that only 5% of knee replacements needed a revision. Researchers recommended...
Pain in affected knee Stiffness and swelling in affected knee Catching or locking of the knee in affected knee Instability of the knee with twisting or...
suffered numerous physical injuries. He had two herniated discs, a kneedislocation, a cracked vertebra, and lacerations. He recovered enough to compete...
with a variety of symptoms, including congenital anterior dislocation of the knees, dislocation of the hips and elbows, flattened facial appearance, prominent...
is a joint lock that is directed at joints of the leg such as the ankle, knee or hip joint. A leglock which is directed at joints in the foot is sometimes...
fully cover the ball portion, resulting in an increased risk for joint dislocation. Hip dysplasia may occur at birth or develop in early life. Regardless...
Damage to blood vessels. Infection, either Superficial or Deep DislocationDislocation Persistent pain; Loss of range of motion; Weakness; Indolent infection...
factors of late dislocation (after five years) mainly include: Female sex Younger age Previous subluxation without complete dislocation Previous trauma...
patella posterior into the groove of the knee joint making lateral dislocation of the patella unlikely. Dislocation recurs in about 15–44% of cases, and symptoms...
injury to the joint connecting the tibia (shinbone) and fibula Patellar dislocation Fingers and wrists - Wrist sprains commonly occur, especially during...
assess for hip dislocation, primarily in order to test for developmental dysplasia of the hip. It is performed by flexing an infant's knees when they are...
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