As of 2015, over 1,500 instances of participatory budgeting (PB) have been implemented across the five continents.[1] While the democratic spirit of PB remains the same throughout the world, institutional variations abound.[2]
For example, the Dominican Republic, Bolivia, Guatemala, Nicaragua, and Peru have implemented participatory budgeting in all local governments,[3][4] and a number of towns and cities in Portugal, France, Italy, Germany, and Spain have also initiated participatory budgeting processes.[5] In Canada, participatory budgeting has been implemented with public housing, neighbourhood groups, and a public schools, in the cities of Toronto,[6] Guelph, Hamilton,[7] and West Vancouver. Since its emergence in Porto Alegre, participatory budgeting has spread to hundreds of Latin American cities, and dozens of cities in Europe, Asia, Africa, and North America. In some cities, participatory budgeting has been applied for school, university, and public housing budgets. In France, the Region Poitou-Charentes is notable for launching participatory budgeting in its secondary schools.[8] These international approaches differ significantly, and they are shaped as much by their local contexts as by the Porto Alegre model.[9]
^Ganuza, Ernesto; Baiocchi, Gianpaolo (2012-12-30). "How Participatory Budgeting Travels the Globe". Journal of Public Deliberation. 8 (2). Retrieved 2015-11-17.
^"Budgets for the People". Foreign Affairs. 2015-03-11. Retrieved 2015-11-17.
^"History". The Participatory Budgeting Project. Archived from the original on 2012-09-25. Retrieved 2019-04-05.
^Shah, Anwar (2007). Shah, Anwar (ed.). Participatory Budgeting(PDF). Washington D.C.: The World Bank. doi:10.1596/978-0-8213-6923-4. ISBN 978-0-8213-6924-1. S2CID 239243049. Retrieved 12 April 2018.
^Volumen zwei: Endbericht Bürgerhaushalt Europa 5 [Volume two] (PDF) (in German), DE: Bürgerhaushalt Europa.
^"Participatory Budgeting – Working together, making a difference". Toronto Community Housing.
^PB Hamilton, Ontario, CA, archived from the original on 2016-01-11, retrieved 2019-04-05.
^"Poitou-Charentes' participatory budget in the high schools", Participedia (wiki).
^Participatory budgeting(PDF), UK: CFE, archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-03-11, retrieved 2019-04-05.
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