Scanning the sea off Greenland for seabirds as part of Greenland's documentation and management system PISUNA, a participatory monitoring programme
Participatory monitoring (also known as collaborative monitoring, community-based monitoring, locally based monitoring, or volunteer monitoring) is the regular collection of measurements or other kinds of data (monitoring), usually of natural resources and biodiversity, undertaken by local residents of the monitored area, who rely on local natural resources and thus have more local knowledge of those resources. Those involved usually live in communities with considerable social cohesion, where they regularly cooperate on shared projects.
Participatory monitoring has emerged as an alternative or addition to professional scientist-executed monitoring.[1][2] Scientist-executed monitoring is often costly and hard to sustain, especially in those regions of the world where financial resources are limited.[3] Moreover, scientist-executed monitoring can be logistically and technically difficult and is often perceived to be irrelevant by resource managers and the local communities. Involving local people and their communities in monitoring is often part of the process of sharing the management of land and resources with the local communities. It is connected to the devolution of rights and power to the locals.[4] Aside from potentially providing high-quality information,[5][6][7] participatory monitoring can raise local awareness and build the community and local government expertise that is needed for addressing the management of natural resources.[4][8]
Participatory monitoring is sometimes included in terms such as citizen science,[9] crowd-sourcing, ‘public participation in scientific research’[10] and participatory action research.
^Danielsen, F.; Balete, D.S.; Poulsen, M.K.; Enghoff, M.; Nozawa, C.M.; Jensen, A.E. (2000). "A simple system for monitoring biodiversity in protected areas of a developing country". Biodiversity and Conservation. 9 (12): 1671–1705. doi:10.1023/A:1026505324342. S2CID 23374588.
^ETFRN 2002. Participatory Monitoring and Evaluation of Biodiversity: Internet Workshop and Policy Seminar. Environmental Change Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
^Danielsen, F.; Burgess, N.D.; Balmford, A. (2005a). "Monitoring matters: examining the potential of locally-based approaches". Biodiversity and Conservation. 14 (11): 2507–2542. doi:10.1007/s10531-005-8375-0. S2CID 18110139.
^ abFunder, M.; Danielsen, F.; Ngaga, Y.; Nielsen, M.R.; Poulsen, M.K. (2013). "Reshaping conservation: The social dynamics of participatory monitoring in Tanzania's community-managed forests". Conservation and Society. 11 (3): 218–232. doi:10.4103/0972-4923.121011. hdl:10535/9175.
^JJones, J.P.G.; Andriamarovolona, M.M.; Hockley, N.; Gibbons, J.M.; Milner-Gulland, E.J. (2008). "Testing the use of interviews as a tool for monitoring trends in the harvesting of wild species". Journal of Applied Ecology. 45 (4): 1205–1212. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2664.2008.01487.x. S2CID 67803458.
^Danielsen, F.; Jensen, P.M.; Burgess, N.D.; Altamirano, R.; Alviola, P.A.; Andrianandrasana, H.; Brashares, J.S.; Burton, A.C.; Coronado, I.; Corpuz, N.; Enghoff, M.; Fjeldså, J.; Funder, M.; Holt, S.; Hübertz, H.; Jensen, A.E.; Lewis, R.; Massao, J.; Mendoza, M.M.; Ngaga, Y.; Pipper, C.B.; Poulsen, M.K.; Rueda, R.M.; Sam, M.; Skielboe, T.; Sørensen, M.; Young, R. (2014a). "A multi-country assessment of tropical resource monitoring by local communities". BioScience. 64 (3): 236–251. doi:10.1093/biosci/biu001.
^Constantino, P.A.L.; Carlos, H.S.A.; Ramalho, E.E.; Rostant, L.; Marinelli, C.; Teles, D.; Fonseca-Junior, S.F.; et al. (2012). "Empowering local people through community-based resource monitoring: a comparison of Brazil and Namibia". Ecology and Society. 17 (4): 22. doi:10.5751/es-05164-170422. hdl:10535/8679.
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