Tanker British Renown passing through the Parmelia Bank between Woodman Spit and Carnac Island
Parmelia Bank is a sandbank to the north of Cockburn Sound, off Fremantle, Western Australia within the limits of the Fremantle Outer Harbour. The Parmelia Bank is named after the barque Parmelia, which grounded on the sandbank in 1829.
Parmelia Bank, south of Success Bank, is a slightly smaller bank than the latter and runs approximately parallel to it, about 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) further south extending from Woodman Point, almost to Carnac Island; it also is within the designated Fremantle Outer Harbour.[1] The channel through this bank is likewise named after the bank - Parmelia Channel that leads into Cockburn Sound.
Information board about the barrier at Cape Peron, site of the former Peron Battery
During World War II, Parmelia Bank was the location of the anti-submarine boom net protecting the northern access to Cockburn Sound. From Woodman Point, the barrier ran west on top of the bank, stretching to Carnac Island. A dredged channel, the location of a gate in the barrier, let through the sandbank into Cockburn Sound. From this channel, the barrier ran south-west to Garden Island.[2]
The Success and Parmelia Banks were formed during the Holocene, more than 10,000 years ago, through the deposition of sediment which had been eroded from the Rottnest Shelf and the Garden Island Ridge. Success Bank was formed in the lee of Mewstone Rocks while Parmelia Bank was formed in lee of Carnac Island.[3]
^D.A. Lord and Associates; Cockburn Cement Limited (1998), Sedimentology of Success and Parmelia Banks, Owen Anchorage (Western Australia) : summary report, Cockburn Cement, ISBN 978-1-876476-06-9
^In the spotlight (Plaque at John Point, Point Peron). Cape Peron.
^Oceanica Consulting Pty Ltd & The University of Western Australia (November 2011). Sand Colour of Owen Anchorage Beaches (PDF) (Report). p. 4. Retrieved 24 May 2020.
Harbour. The ParmeliaBank is named after the barque Parmelia, which grounded on the sandbank in 1829. ParmeliaBank, south of Success Bank, is a slightly...
Channel. Success Bank is covered extensively with the seagrasses Posidonia and Amphibolis griffithii. ParmeliaBank is a slightly smaller bank and runs approximately...
Parmelia sulcata is a foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. It is very tolerant of pollution and has a cosmopolitan distribution, making it one of...
as "Britannia Roads". It is closer to the coastline than Success Bank and ParmeliaBank, and lies to the north of Cockburn Sound, and south of Gage Roads...
Parmelia barrenoae is a species of foliose lichen in the large family Parmeliaceae. It was formally described as a new species in 2005. Before this, it...
Parmelia saxatilis, commonly known as the salted shield lichen or crottle, is a species of foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. Several morphologically...
years, dredging through two banks, a 4.4-km channel through the Success Bank and a 2.8-km channel through the ParmeliaBank. Investigations took place...
spanning 9370 metres of seabed from Woodman Point to Garden Island along ParmeliaBank, as well as another indicator loop 183 metres further north. Following...
related to Parmotrema perlatum. Hale ME. (1961). "The typification of Parmelia perlata (Huds.) Ach". Brittonia. 13 (4): 361–367. doi:10.2307/2805414....
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Parmelia fraudans is a species of foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. It is found in Europe and North America, where it grows on rocks. The lichen...
Parmelia ernstiae is a species of foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. It occurs in Europe. The lichen was described as a new species in 2002 by...
1942 to 1944. From Woodman Point, the barrier ran west on top of the ParmeliaBank, a sandbank stretching to Carnac Island. A dredged channel, the location...
Parmelia rojoi is a species of foliose (leafy), saxicolous (rock-dwelling) lichen in the large family Parmeliaceae. It is known to occur in a couple of...
Parmelia mayi is a species of foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. It is found in the northern Appalachian Mountains of eastern North America, where...
Parmelia asiatica is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. It occurs in China and the Russian Far East, where...
as Parmelia arnoldii. Mason Hale transferred it to Parmotrema in 1974, as part of a taxonomic transfer of all species in Parmelia subgenus Parmelia section...
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Parmelia isidiiveteris is a fossilised species of foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. It was found in Dominican amber and described as a new species...
Parmelia encryptata is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. Found in the Iberian Peninsula, it was formally...
Sound as a location. His recommendation was, to drill into Success and ParmeliaBanks to establish whether ships could pass through the sandbanks through...
Parmelia squarrosa, commonly known as the bottlebrush shield lichen, is a species of foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. It occurs in east Asia...
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paths and roads. The lichen was first formally described under the name Parmelia scabrosa in 1847 by botanist Thomas Taylor. The type was collected by botanist...
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