This article is about the herbicide. For the British military operation to recapture South Georgia Island during the Falklands War, see Operation Paraquet.
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
Infobox references
Chemical compound
Paraquat (trivial name; /ˈpærəkwɒt/), or N,N′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium dichloride (systematic name), also known as methyl viologen, is an organic compound with the chemical formula [(C6H7N)2]Cl2. It is classified as a viologen, a family of redox-active heterocycles of similar structure.[5] This salt is one of the most widely used herbicides. It is quick-acting and non-selective, killing green plant tissue on contact. It is also toxic (lethal) to human beings and animals due to its redox activity, which produces superoxide anions. It has been linked to the development of Parkinson's disease[6][7] and is banned in 58 countries.[8][9]
Paraquat may be in the form of salt with chloride or other anions; quantities of the substance are sometimes expressed by cation mass alone (paraquat cation, paraquat ion).
The name is derived from the para positions of the quaternary nitrogens.
^ abcdefNIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0478". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
^ ab"Paraquat dichloride". International Programme on Chemical Safety. October 2001. Archived from the original on 2010-12-19. Retrieved 2007-09-06.
^Sigma-Aldrich Co., 1,1′-Dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium dichloride hydrate. Retrieved on 2015-03-29.
^ abc"Paraquat". Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health Concentrations (IDLH). National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
^In 1932, the German-American chemist Leonor Michaelis (1875–1949) named paraquat "methyl viologen" and used it as an indicator in redox reactions. See:
Michaelis, L. (1932). "Ein Reduktions-Indikator im Potentialbereich der Wasserstoffüberspannung" [A reduction indicator in the voltage range of hydrogen overpotential]. Biochemische Zeitschrift (in German). 250: 564–567.
See also: Michaelis, L.; Hill, Edgar S. (1933). "The viologen indicators" (PDF). The Journal of General Physiology. 16 (6): 859–873. doi:10.1085/jgp.16.6.859. PMC 2141252. PMID 19872744. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2019-08-16. Retrieved 2019-08-16.
^"Two pesticides—rotenone and paraquat—linked to Parkinson's disease, study suggests". Science Daily. 2011. Archived from the original on April 26, 2019. Retrieved October 25, 2011.
^Kamel, F. (2013). "Paths from Pesticides to Parkinson's". Science. 341 (6147): 722–723. Bibcode:2013Sci...341..722K. doi:10.1126/science.1243619. PMID 23950519. S2CID 11119082. Archived from the original on 2018-11-27. Retrieved 2018-09-13.
^"This weed killer is banned in 50 countries. U.S. workers say it's giving them Parkinson's". Los Angeles Times. 2023-12-20. Archived from the original on 2023-12-20. Retrieved 2023-12-21.
^"'Burns me to a crisp': Farmers allege link between popular herbicide paraquat and Parkinson's disease - ABC News". 2023-11-28.
Paraquat (trivial name; /ˈpærəkwɒt/), or N,N′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium dichloride (systematic name), also known as methyl viologen, is an organic compound...
The paraquat murders were a series of indiscriminate beverage poisonings carried out in western and central Japan in 1985. The drinks were placed in and...
alternative spelling of parakeet, it was known among British troops as "Paraquat", after the industrial weedkiller. Prompted by the British war cabinet...
the role of electron acceptors in biology is the high toxicity of the paraquat. The activity of this broad spectrum herbicide results from the electron...
ambroxol, delivered via intravenous injection, reduces the mortality rate in paraquat poisoning by 31%. Studies and observations to date have not uncovered specific...
gen, generator of]. The viologen paraquat (R = methyl), is a widely used herbicide. As early as in the 1930s, paraquat was being used as an oxidation-reduction...
County, Georgia. Smokey Bites the Dust (1981) takes place in the fictional Paraquat County, Georgia. Tank (1984) takes place in the fictional Clemmons County...
and the use of wildlife incident data to evaluate the significance of paraquat. Agriculture, ecosystems & environment 79.2-3 (2000): 95-103.[3] Vaughan...
1976–1984 3 3 Sentenced to death Poisoned his mother and two wives with Paraquat Catoe, Jarvis 1935–1941 8 11 Executed 1943 Sometimes referred to as the...
revealed that all had suffered poisoning from paraquat, a highly toxic herbicide. A bottle of paraquat, complete with Catlin's fingerprints, was found...
Sentenced to life imprisonment, died in prison age 33 of breast cancer. "Paraquat murders" killer Japan 1985 12 12 Unidentified serial killer who carried...
1970s, a controversial program sponsored by the US government sprayed paraquat on cannabis fields in Mexico. Following Mexican efforts to eradicate cannabis...
classified as prerenal, intrinsic, and postrenal. Many people diagnosed with paraquat intoxication experience AKI, sometimes requiring hemodialysis.[citation...
result of banning these pesticides. In Korea, banning a single pesticide, paraquat, halved the number of suicides by pesticide poisoning and reduced the total...
(especially with monoclonal antibodies). Exposure to dry cleaning chemicals and paraquat herbicide have also been implicated as potential insults. In GPS, anti-GBM...
Georgia Association website South Georgia Heritage Trust Live picture from the South Georgia webcam Operation Paraquat Argentine invasion of South Georgia...
George Rolinson, won the Mullard Award in 1971. Bipyridine compounds (Paraquat-Gramoxone and Diquat) were discovered for herbicide use in 1954 by William...
Catenane derived from cyclobis(paraquat-p-phenylene)(a cyclophane with two viologen units) and a cyclic polyether (bis(para-phenylene-34-crown-10)). Carbon...
management, this compound produces large quantities of this free radical. Paraquat – used as a herbicide, this compound produces large quantities of this...
Global Information
